苏渭忠回忆录

前言

这本书是我一生经历的真实写照，记载着我大半个世纪的政治生涯。由于文化水平及写作能力有限，我只能用记流水帐的办法逐年逐段地回忆起来。书中除个别人用化名外，一切都是真实的。

写这本回忆录的目的是想留给子孙后代作为纪念，若有价值做为精神财富，激励子孙奋勇向前并鞭策自己，那就更可贵了。

苏　渭　忠

二〇〇三年五月

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（一）悲惨的童年

我的出身和家庭

我于公元1934年（民国23年），农历甲戌年二月初一日戌时出生在平湖镇半舫村祠堂后第一栋土名叫“书齐仔”的厝[1]里，是属于一个贫苦农民的家庭。根据家谱，我属“中”字辈。算命的先生说我命里缺水，爷爷就为我取名渭中，加三点水属“渭水”的“渭”。

我家里上有祖父苏儒文，号晋东，祖母周氏。父亲苏孝顺，母亲汪玉娇是童养媳。有个大我四岁的姐姐，名凤仪；我四岁时父母又生二弟，名锡中；再隔四年又生三弟，名营中，家庭贫困人丁兴旺。因我是长孙，祖父母爱我如掌上明珠，把一切希望都寄托在我身上，生活从优，着力培养，希望将来能有出息，摆脱贫穷，出人头地，光宗耀祖。

我八岁时，祖父为我娶了一个比我大得多的黄姓女子来当童养媳。祖父他了却心愿，为我完成了大事。可惜没过三年祖父一死，她嫌我家贫，男人又小，就跟别人走了。后来听说因难产而死。她也是个苦命人。

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出生地情况

半舫村，又名王厝前，包括祠堂后、上路、洋中厝、山圪厝。离平湖街闹市一里路。清朝康熙壬辰年四月（1714年）由共玉公从十三都新厝洋，即现在屏南县长桥镇柏源村乔迁居焉。落堂近三百年间，繁衍苏氏子孙一千一百多人，在海外还有几百人，至中字辈已是第十世孙。历代子孙勤奋俭朴，经济发展和生活水平都略高于周围民众，故人称“王厝前好风水”。其实是历代重视教育文化，肯下本钱培养子孙后代，多出人材，在外为官者、经商者、从教者多于别村。但也有富者因经营管理不善，遇天灾人祸，破产者也不少。

我的祖辈和父辈

据说，我祖父的祖父兆菁公很富裕，娶婆岭尾村李氏女，陪嫁嫁妆甚多，女方怕放不下，还要专门盖一栋大厝（即祠堂后第二栋）存放嫁妆。但因只靠地租收入，兆菁公一辈还没过完就破产了。

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祖父一生为人忠厚正直、热心公益事业发展、维护全村利益。青中年时当过店员，后被乡亲民众推选为“联保主任”。在任期间公心为众，深得村民爱戴。

我父亲是个半残废的人。据说是年幼时患重病抽筋中风，没钱医治留下后的遗症。他不能干重体力劳动，头脑也不灵活，家庭全靠祖父支撑。

家中还有大伯苏孝敬，青年时出洋谋生，一去便无音信。小叔苏孝准，年轻时在建瓯县城胞姐苏柳眉家帮工谋生，因患痢疾暴病死亡。伯叔二人都未成家，因此失传。

我7岁时祖母过世，九岁时祖父逝世，享年69岁。十一岁时当年42岁的父亲也早逝了，连续的天灾人祸打击，主梁柱倒塌，使家庭濒临崩溃。除祖父手上留下半边旧厝可避风雨外，没有半厘田园和资产，生活已是日食难渡，走投无路了。

十二岁的我只能读到小学三年级，就辍学到后洋村大母舅家帮工，做粉干换口饭吃。在时近半年里，他家常住有共产党地下工作人员刘捷生、左丰美、杨兰珍等闽北地区领导人和县周道纯、郑荣堂等人活动，大表兄汪锦钟因是地下党领导人，被国民党残杀时年才二十多岁。他们利用我年小经常帮他们买电池、草鞋，传递消息送情报，枪支弹药。

杨兰珍是我母舅义女，那年她们想送我到延安去参加革命，因母舅不肯，说我是寄住在她家的人，怕连累我家就叫我回来。又经人介绍到县城一家布店当学徒，可惜我不是那块料，干十多天就不干，又回家了。

1945年8月，中国人民经历了抗日战争，打败了日本侵略者，日本宣布无条件投降后，第二年国民党政府开始修复抗战时被毁的福州至上饶公路时，我父亲被派去做民工。12月在地处海拔1629米高的石塔山下的伍档村因饥寒交迫，无力行走被大雪活活冻死在工地上。

得报讯后，大表兄带我这个年仅十二岁的孩子日夜兼程步行七、八十里路赶到伍档村收埋，村民们见我年幼可怜，捐赠我木板做棺材并帮助埋葬在水头山上.国民党政府和乡村里没有补贴一分钱。

事隔二十多年的1969年12月，我处在“文革”武斗空隙，同三弟一起去收拾骸骨，于1974年同母亲合葬在峦垅村里洋水尾山上，后又转葬于旗下洋山上。

父亲死后，全家五口生活全靠裹着小脚的母亲养活，无奈15岁的姐姐出阁，我要担负起供养家庭的重担。每天早晨同其他青年一道跑到端溪际顶村砍柴，下午挑到平湖街去卖，傍晚四、五时再到溪圪扛船头担，搬运从古田返回的小船物资，然后向老板要回二斤米的工资，真正过着“砍柴换米难度日，身上没有半厘钱”的日子。有一次肚子饿的难受，用卖柴的钱买了一块蛎饼吃。却不知谁向母亲告了密，晚上回家便挨了骂。后来我如实向母亲招了，母亲也很理解，却也无能为力，最后母子抱头痛哭流涕。从此，我即便是饿死也不再另食。

母亲是个小脚女人，要带我们三个孩子，最大的才十二岁，这日子怎么能过下去？姐夫、姑妈、母舅都很好，能给一些救济，但俗话讲“十家富难救一家穷”。在万般无奈、流干母子眼泪后，为了活命，母亲含泪改嫁，换来身价钱归还债务后另走他乡，二弟送人为子，三弟跟母亲送给继父为子，我不愿做“随娘子”，投靠了玉元村姐夫家。

从此，骨肉离散，家破人亡，一个家庭消失了。这就是当时社会的一个缩影，这就是我童年的悲惨生活。

[1]厝：音：cuò，福建人称家或屋子为厝。

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（二）共产党是大救星 革命翻身得解放

投奔姐夫

我13岁时因祖父、父亲亡故，母亲改嫁还债不能养我，只能投靠姐夫家做工。姐夫待我亲如兄弟，教我学习全套农业生产耕作技术，同时也学习祖传制造红曲的技术。到15岁时，农业生产上的关键技术——犁、耙、播样样皆能。头年主要是养牛打杂，第二年会犁田种地，第三年就能替人犁田赚工钱了。春天能犁百担田地，收入五、七担米，夏季犁豆园也能赚三、四担米，可以换一个人的生活。

忍饥挨饿的少年生活

在14岁那年，我却有一次差点因为做工而丢掉性命。

那是端午节前后，我和同乡程国辉在“七定”打土粪。人们常说“做田惊打粪，做贼惊夹棍”，干这种活儿灰尘非常大，污染重，大人们是不愿干的。

那天我和他从早上干到下午一时左右才完工，因为没带午饭，肚子饿得很。在回家的路上，遇着郑元店“桂枝姑妈”在“新脚亭”休息。她挑着一旦杨梅，从“三头垅”村走到这里。我们见她是半裹脚女人，就帮她挑，她也叫我们吃杨梅。

由于饥饿过度，一下子吃太多，坏了肚子。过几天我们两人就开始发病。程国辉几天就好了，而我开始每天下午二时左右先发冷后发热，烧至三、四个小时才能恢复，但手脚仍酸，全身无力。

由于没钱医治，一直病到九月。仍不时周身发凉。记得当时在“大乾”割稻时，别人都挑着谷子回家去，我才从稻草堆中爬出来，因为发冷时用稻草当棉被盖起来保暖。最后天黑了还要挑着谷子回家，第二天还要参加劳动。

后来姑妈（我祖父胞妹）苏赛月眼看不治将有生命危险了，就叫我到她家里住，每天早上用“枫树皮”蒸蛋汤调理，半个月左右才治好恢复。

但好景不长，15岁那年春天，母亲叫我到黄柏口村帮她“垄谷磋米”，我可怜母亲改嫁了还要干重体力活，就前去帮忙。谁知刚干了三天，我又发大病，发烧得不省人事。母亲怕被婆婆责怪，委托我暂住的房东家（是福州女人，因日本侵略家乡沦陷来古田和人结婚），能做粉干生意的她，用青草药救了我。

这两次大病都因劳累过度和没钱医治而差点丢了性命。

在玉元的几年虽然艰苦，白天种田，晚上制曲，不论晴雨天，有活天天都得干。虽然三、四年的劳动除换口饭吃外，只做过二件“苏改”布衣穿，但却锻炼出一个不怕死，不怕苦，有上进心、自尊心，重品德，讲义气，人穷志不穷的硬骨头汉子来。

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国共战争中争夺古田对我的影响

1949年6月14日，古田人民在共产党毛泽东主席领导下的中国人民解放军解放了。从此改朝换代——执政30多年的国民党政权垮台了，蒋介石父子战败逃到台湾。共产党接管中国大陆建立民主新政权，人民得新生，翻身作主人。我的人生也进入一个历史的大转折……

1949年继辽沈、平津、淮海三大战役胜利后，南京、上海、浙江也陆续解放，国民党兵败如山倒，逃跑都来不及。全国解放势不可挡。

四月初，大批国民党中央军（当时人们称之为“国军”）从江西、浙江经建瓯、南平、屏南到平湖出古田去福州逃命。第二野战军刘（伯承）邓（小平）大军解放到建瓯，古田县地下党游击队在郑荣堂等人带领下百余人的队伍率先占领平湖街宣布解放平湖。那天在平湖街官学堂操场上召集上下都民众大会，宣布游击队接管平湖镇政权。会后带领民众到岭尾山国家粮库开仓济粮，我也跟随大人到仓库里挑了一担谷子回家，很快许多谷子都被人们担走了。百姓们欢欣鼓舞，大谈共产党好。

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可惜好景不长，在古田还没有解放的情况下，平湖解放不到半个月就被国民党反攻了。由省保安四团黄仁汉营长率领保安军攻打了平湖，游击队打不过只能撤退，百姓又遭殃了。

那天，我和姐夫、姻叔三人在“角垅里”稻秧。近中午时间，我要回家送饭。行至“后垅”时听见枪炮声大响，只见原里水尾至岩角溪圪全是穿黄军装的兵，在渡河爬山向“炎挡炮台”进攻。玉元村后门、上溪圪、郑元店、老虎台都是国军把守，不断向平湖街射击。我们回家的人和过路的人都在后垅粪栏里躲着观看，等到没有枪声后就赶紧跑回家。只见村里家家闭门守护，人人避难而躲，气氛十分紧张。我叩进门后，就赶紧收拾被子草席衣服，带上大米卤菜迅速夺门逃跑，再躲进“秋竹圪”粪疗厂去做第二次“走反”避难了。日间种田，夜里提心吊胆，又不时跑回家里探听消息。大约五六天后人们才陆续回家。

姐夫被国军抓进监牢

接着国军开始抓人。当时我姐夫与人合作承接在平湖粮库里加工大米供应国军过境的军用粮。因为之前在郑荣堂开仓济粮时，老乡们把原本放在溪圪碓仔里的军米也抢去了。保四团反攻配合平湖镇镇长程国绪以追缴国粮为名，抓捕百姓，乘机勒诈钱财。镇长程国绪配合剿共大队长程春松把我姐夫抓了关押在镇政府后门山“文昌阁”，扬言要三两黄金可以保释。

天哪，全家财产变卖了也不值三两黄金。家人只好一边托人求情，一边拖延筹借时间减灾避祸。而我则每日三餐负责送饭进监。

又大约过了半个月的时间，从平湖撤退的郑荣堂游击队跑到建瓯请求二野解放军解放古田。据说二野奉命要去解放大西南，而解放福建应该是是三野陈毅的任务。但隔天又是一阵枪炮声和飞机声，据说是解放军从建瓯玉山下来追打黄仁汉，沿马路追赶到西溪、凤埔一带。到六月十四日，平湖的尾任镇长程国绪等人也从后洋三栋厝沿水渠逃跑了。下午四时左右，我见兵都跑了，监牢无人看守，便在厨房里拿了一把斧头砸破了牢门的锁，才将姐夫放了出来，和其他难友们一同都躲进山里去。

第二天县里来了三位骑马的解放军到平湖来驻营，宣布平湖二次解放。后又陆续来了一个排的解放军和南下干部驻扎，开始利用旧保长派草派粮，组织民工支援前线解放福州城。我姻叔年轻，出身也好，被选派支前担架队。直到8月17日福州解放后，支援前方的任务完成，才退伍复员回乡。后来担任了第一任村农会主席。

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土匪为非作歹 遭解放军镇压

1949年6月解放后国民党政府垮台，但时局不稳。这时候的任务是一方面支援前线解放全中国，一方面实行减租减息，发动群众剿匪镇反，建立基层政权，发动土地改革。但一些残渣余孽不甘心失败，希望反攻卷土重来，许多人上山为匪继续作恶残害人民。

当时土匪活动十分猖狂。杉洋区土匪黄直云、黄炳午等人攻打区公所，区委书记等南下干部七八人被杀死。平湖达才村农会主席黄孝田被土匪杀死。许多农会干部和积极分子收到土匪送来的恐吓信，斗争非常激烈，人们处于恐怖之中。

在平湖主要有富达兰跃俊一帮几十人马。兰曾任过建瓯伪县长，是古田有名的地霸兰保田“地头蛇”厝下。外地人来古田当县长，必须首先拜会兰保田，否则县长当不下去，可见兰氏种族势力之大。

当时乔西村的程国储是伪镇长，剿共大队付程春松也都有几十人马，程春松曾杀害过地下党人程世南兄弟二人，有血债，民愤大。玉元村有个叫何寿长的青年人，曾任三青团区队付，平时靠做生意，没什么民愤，但他不了解政策，也跟他们上山为匪。

1949年他被围剿后，又带土匪营长（名叫“南京仔”，北溪里人）来玉元向区委书记刘毅自新。在天主堂谈判好后，他寻天黑又逃跑了。“南京仔”因人地生疏，躲在祠堂坪前曲程里，经动员无效，被刘书记一枪打死。岭尾村李廷相之子，玉元村郑春培老人，白天在田间劳动时被土匪绑架勒索钱财。我积极帮助解放军工作，也收到土匪恐吓信，警告说再为他们办事要杀头等等。斗争了好长时间。

后来大批解放军进驻，开展大规模剿匪镇压反革命运动。各村组织民兵配备武器，同农会干部配合解放军发动群众消灭土匪。第一次在平湖周王庙召开民众大会，枪决一大批罪大恶极的土匪、地霸、反革命分子。第一批被杀的有省保安四团黄仁汉营长，贪污支前粮食30多担谷子的工作人员林履仪（此人才20多岁），杀害达才农会主席的凶手黄孝敦，乔俊村恶霸林长源等一批，凡来自新投降者，经教育后保释回家。

由于政策兑现，许多土匪纷纷下山投降，只有兰跃俊一批借着富达要塞易守难攻的优势，继续作恶，后被解放军配合民兵几百人包围，经过几天几夜的打击，击毙兰跃俊后，这帮土匪才抓捕归案。到1950年夏天全县土匪基本肃清。土地改革运动胜利开展。

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我帮助解放军做工作

我从1949年尾开始除农村劳动外，经常跟随来村里工作的南下干部，他们是从老解放区山西等区县干部中抽调组成解放军长江支队来支援福建的，作为地方干部留下来工作。他们认为我是穷孩子，没父母，出身好，是被压迫阶级，又读过三年书，能讲一点普通话，就叫我为他的“翻译官”。我也因此深得他们信任。

第一批组织民兵时我才16岁，就被批准参加，并担任班长、副队长，并前后两次参加过他们组织的剿匪工作，缴获有枪支弹药，抓送过国民党残兵俘虏。当时，民兵的枪支弹药都是从土匪缴来的，多为“月牌”、“汉牌”、“大盖”等枪，其中“大盖”是上等好枪。

民兵都是穷苦出身，受过压迫，政治觉悟高，拥护共产党的人参加的。部队先设在天主堂右边下朗楼上，后迁溪圪下樟树下，地主“老虎”被没收的曲埋楼。每天早上军训，夜晚集中睡觉，配合部队剿匪。组织夜间巡逻，参加重要集会，站岗巡逻，一切都是义务劳动，没有分文补贴。在当时民兵保卫家乡，保护人民财产起了很大的作用。

土地改革和村民普选

1950年冬，“土改”接近完成，各村建立政权。第一次选村长是叫候选人齐坐在一条长椅上，在他们背后放一张桌子，桌上每人背后放一块碗，投票人按选定人数发黄豆子为选票，选谁就在谁背后的碗里放一粒黄豆子，最后谁的黄豆子多谁就当选。当时人们文化程度低，这种办法简单易懂，百姓们都拥护，纷纷来投票。我因为不足18岁，没有选举权和被选举权。只在现场维持秩序。

这就是新中国建立政权，一个普通农村人民第一次直接选举领导人的全过程。

土地改革运动是全国开展的一次声势浩大的群众运动。中央的政策是：打倒封建地主，保护富农，团结中农，依靠贫农顾农；所有土地均列土改之列；以原耕为基础，按人口取长补短，抽肥补瘦，好坏搭配；田地分三等九级。

第一阶段是放手发动群众斗争地主，分配没收浮财，诉苦诉冤，收缴地契，把地主气焰灭下去，把封建势力打倒。

第二阶段是划分成分，三榜张贴公布。评为地主者，必须是拥有全县人均土地超三倍以上，不劳动靠剥削收入的人，是专政对象。富农有剥削也有劳动，中农是能够自给自足，贫农是没田地，靠出卖劳动力生活的人。此外还有半地主式富农，工商业地主，小土地出租者，债利剥削者，游民无产者，工商业者，手工业者等等。

评定阶级成份是每个人的阶级烙印。阶级成份一划分，依靠谁，团结谁，打击谁，界线分明。

第三阶段是分田到户，张榜公布。在“土改”中，干部要以身作则，大公无私，才能把土地分配好。“土改”的口号很响亮：“砸烂千年封建铁锁链”，“有苦诉苦，有冤诉冤，讨还血债”，“斗地主，分田地”，“穷人要翻身作主人”。

当时因为“白毛女”的戏剧故事传遍人间男男女女，深入人心，人们的政治觉悟空前的高，人们的积极性也空前高涨，真是党叫干啥就干啥。神州大地处处高喊：“共产党万岁”、“毛主席万岁”，人民终于能昂首挺胸，扬眉吐气，砸烂枷锁，真正做主人了。

我在玉元参加民兵，剿匪镇反，土地改革，但分田还是按照政策规定回原籍新舫村分田、评成分。评我为贫农成分，因是单身汉可得双份土地。在莲头洋（土名叫过坑仔）地方，是老祖宗祀田，只有一丘，犁、耙、播各半天就可以了，省工省肥的好田，能收五、六担谷子，每年种中稻，8月收成后马上制红曲，一年能增值好几番收入。人生第一次有了自己土地这个命根子，一辈子不怕穷了。怎么不欢乐，怎么能不感谢共产党？

参加文艺宣传队工作 宣传党的政策

为了庆祝土改胜利，玉元村组织一支文艺宣传队，用闽剧形式宣传党的政策，人民群众、乡村干部中的好人好事，并演闽剧拆子戏到各村义务演出，深受群众欢迎。我在戏中担任小生一角色，同乡郑传友扮小旦，郑宣友扮三花（丑角），大家都表演得活灵活现，是一支党的宣传队。

抗美援朝 保家卫国

1951年初春，开始“土整”工作，主要是检查纠正土改中的错、漏划成分等问题。玉元村补评郑元店“老虎”为地主，重新没收财产，开展斗争。实际上是有什么问题合情合理解决，群众非常满意。

这时，朝鲜暴发美国侵略战争，打到中朝边境鸭绿江，飞机轰炸我东北三省，中国危在旦夕。美国不甘心他一手扶持的国民党蒋介石政权垮台，想把新中国搞挎。党中央毛主席发命令决定派志愿军入朝参战。

这时“抗美援朝，保家卫国”的口号响遍全中国，人民同仇敌忾，许多青年报名参军参战，岭尾村李闽清、玉元村郑福清等全区百来人被批准入朝参战。各村各界人民自愿捐钱捐粮献给国家购买飞机大炮支援前线打胜仗。这一年玉元村被评为先进村。同时开始建立中国新民主主义青年团组织（共青团前身）。我第一批入团，并担任第一届支部宣传委员。郑宜友是第一任团支书。这时玉元村已与乔西村合并为乡，不久又和俊头合并。一年左右又分开。到十月，我、周长辉、乔西程和林樟村陈长财四人被组织派送南平专区行署干校培训，学习一个月，准备提拔为脱产干部，当时叫参加革命。记得还是自带被席，从平湖步行古田过夜，第二日早晨坐＂古——谷＂汽车公司的破货车（是烧木炭的车）到谷口，再乘闽江船，下午五时到达南平码头，学校组织人马来迎接。

学习回来后不久大家都提拔走了，只有我和周长辉没走。原因是受小农经济思想影响，留恋“三亩土地一头牛”的生活，不愿离开家乡。直到第二年五月，经区领导再三动员，以及朋友们劝道，才下决心出去革命，但周长辉仍然不走，留下来革命。

玉元村是我的第二故乡

我是在新舫出生，在玉元长大。参加工作、离开平湖后，我都没有离开玉元。村里有大事，如建溪圪大桥、修建俱乐部都有我参加，运杉木、批水泥我都大力支持来办。

解放前这里是穷村，土改时只评了一户地主一户富农，贫农占90%。解放后大家的生活越来越好，摆脱了贫困村的帽子。

在这里有我同辈人，长时期的同甘共苦，建立了深厚感情。他们勤劳质朴，大家为人忠厚老实和气，对外姓人能和睦相处，以礼待人。

我是从这里走向革命道路的人。

（三）中国新民主主义革命的后段

成为国家干部

1952年18岁的我双喜临门：一喜成为国家干部，二喜结婚建立家庭。

五月端午节后的一天，经上级组织批准正式成为国家干部，到第二区（平湖）公所上班。

二区，以岭头街为中心，上下都（十七、十八都）一片平原，人口密集，资源丰富，工商业发达，不但是鱼米之乡，而且经济、文化、交通都很发达，是屏南、建瓯等县部分区域的贸易集合地。历代为官者都爱来平湖当官，是块“肥缺”，历史上素有“一都二县[1]”之称。当时的第二区还包括凤埔乡所辖地，从县城北门的羊角村沿公路至建瓯玉山交界的旧镇村都归二区管辖。全区党政军青妇农全体干部才20来人，有一个武器班十来人归区委领导。区委书记刘毅，区长秦海保都是南下干部，到七月全县干部大整编后，刘毅提拔为县委常委组织部长，区长秦海保提拔为县人民法院院长。由副书记许天保接任书记，李怀清为区长。

我入伍时生活还是供给制，一年发春秋两套人民灰中山衣，被帐鞋袜肥皂牙膏齐全，还有三块零用钱。下乡向贫农家吃派饭，一天三角菜金，一斤米的餐票，由农民自己来区公所领取。十月改为薪金制，每月大约20元工资，到1953年10月开始按行政级别评工资，我被评为24级，每月42元。区委、区长算正区级，是南下老干部，评18级。

我报到后第二天就到沙州乡工作组，同区青年团干部张端吾一起工作，跟他边干边学。到七月初县召开县区二级干部大会，进行增设机构，整编队伍，全县由原八个区增设凤埔、局下、卓洋三个区。土改后吸收的干部大部分被充实青年团、妇联会工作。我的职务是二区青年团干事，与林纯金、方展曦二女一男共三人。除上下都建立团支部外，山区一大片都没有建立，党支部才开始物色培养对象，准备建党。下半年至次年，我都在达才、端溪、富达、唐臣一片山区，抓中心，兼固建立各乡青年团支部。这个时期的工作算是新民主主义后段——解放全中国，建立新政权。

1952年7月中旬，古田各地普降暴雨，引发特大洪灾，全县受灾严重。县扩干会后，团干部留下来开了几天系统会。当时，团县委、县妇联、县工会、县农协四个群团组织办公都设在二保吉祥塔内，会议没结束，洪水冲进城，全域淹没成一片汪洋大海，许多房屋倒塌，有人畜伤亡。县委号召全体干部出动救灾，背老人，抱小孩，搬物资，维持治安，还不时防范周围土墙倒塌压死自己。还好我年少时早在玉元溪上学会了游泳。第三天洪水退了，路通了，我从县城步行40多里回平湖探望，才知道祖父留下的半边房屋扇墙照墙全部倒塌，房子不能住人了。祖父母死后两付棺材因无钱安葬，放在官仑坪粪疗里，被洪水冲倒在地。第二年靠玉元互助组人来帮忙才安葬在后洋山上。房屋倒塌无钱修理，一直到1958年大办食堂时，祠堂改食堂才由集体筑墙。1959年被水库移民陈振腊占用，到1964年才给我四百元钱，算向我买去。

我的爱人曾淑莺

1952年农历十二月十九日，我在玉元村同曾淑莺恋爱结婚。

曾淑莺是凤埔村人，因父曾振监为地下党领导人，送情报送枪支，以国民党保长身份掩护地下党工作暴露。1947年被国民党枪决于凤埔村中山堂的地方。

她为长女，投靠在玉元八扇厝外婆家。她外祖父早年去世，外婆是个盲老太，无男靠女，一个郑启鸿姨在福州师大读书，家里依靠外甥女奉养。

我俩两年来在民兵、青年团的活动中相互认识、相爱，经玉元村老妇吴峦娇介绍，秘密建立起恋爱关系。吴峦娇早年夫死，孩子小。她认了淑莺为妹妹。而我常到她家帮忙种菜，同她儿子关系很好，也常在她家聊天。她可怜我是个无娘孩子，有同病相怜之感。

我同淑莺也是处境相同、门户相对、条件相当的。我们的婚礼是在宣传贯彻新中国第一部法律——《婚姻法》中，由区公所应用一个典型的婚礼——集体结婚。区上组织玉元村五对夫妇，在祠堂举行，由区委宣传委员张梅霞主婚，各村派代表参加，新娘一律不坐花轿，一切以新方式办理。人们观看后觉得很新鲜热闹，思想上可以接受。区上允许各户办两、三桌酒席，不收红包，酬谢亲戚。

当时纪律很严，结婚只准三天假期，留下妻子独守空房。未经批准，即使在三里地内工作也不能随便跑回家相聚，主要是出于安全考虑。

从此，我建立了一个革命的新家庭，脱离了寄人篱下的日子。

[1]一都二县：即平湖都，屏南县及建瓯县的统称。

（四）社会主义革命初级阶段从三大改造开始

社会主义革命从农业、手工业、私营工商业三大改造开始，即所有制的改变——变资产私有制为全民、集体所有制，消灭私有。

1953年至1957年国家对农业、手工业实行组织起来走合作化的道路。对私营工商业者实行公私合营限制改造。这表明中国共产党在取得政权、巩固政权后，开始抓以经济为中心的建设，开始进入社会主义建设的新阶段了。

宣传新婚姻法工作

1953年春，我在开完全县第一届团代会后，就到各村去宣传贯彻新婚姻法，提倡婚姻自主、妇女解放、地位平等，反对买卖婚姻和父母包办，不准虐待妇女。在旧社会不合理的封建婚姻统治几千年，什么“三从四德”（即在家从父、出嫁从夫、夫死从子），有钱男人可以娶三妻四妾，而妇女不能改嫁，要守寡终身。穷人娶不起老婆，只有租妻典妻或叫送月米[1]，把妇女当成商品。妇女受苦最深，被压迫在最低层，经济不能独立，地位也不平等。

经过一段宣传贯彻新婚姻后，有许多不合理的婚姻离婚了，许多童养媳家庭解除了婚约，许多人重新建立起新家庭，对发展生产、繁养后代起了很好的作用。

发展生产 杜绝卖地

这一年我的工作重心主要是发展生产。农民组织互助、开展变工、生产自救。有些人分了土地后因缺少劳动力、缺本钱或缺技术，有地不能种，我们就帮助他们解决资金、技术，组织变工互助，使大家尝到组织起来的好处。不能出现土改分田后，因天灾人祸或破产，又开始卖田的现象。

由于我们工作得力，确实能帮助群众解决实际困难，农民同政府关系密切。

计划经济 粮油统筹

到年尾中央提出一个叫做“过渡时期总路线”的宣传，大致方针是经过15到20年努力，达到国家工业化，农村集体化，实现“耕田不用牛，点灯不用油，楼上楼下电灯电话”的社会主义美好生活，从现在开始向这个目标过渡。同时国家开始实行粮食的统购统销政策，农民生产的余粮只能卖给国家收购，不准二盘商人插手经营，造成旧社会粮食被奸商压价、杀价、囤积居奇，到青黄不接时哄抬时价，人民吃亏。凡缺粮的居民、农户由国家统一制定标准，按月供应粮油。这就是新中国第一次开始实行由国家掌握粮食这个关系国计民生的大事。

这个政策在中国实行40多年，尤其是在供求不平衡情况下，是有许多好处的，但也人为的划分了农业与非农业这条界线。为了实现这一工作，我们要逐户摸清人口、产量，确定留粮、统购或统销的数量，是既要做政治思想工作，又要做具体经济工作，尽力做到合理，人民满意。

蒋介石突袭东山县

这一年的8、9月间，退居在台湾的蒋介石突然袭击福建东山县，战斗打得很激烈，我守军被国民党陆、海、空三军打死了很多，地方被占领三、四天，后经广州、福建两军区出动大批人马才打退他们。随着国民党败退，我军又乘机解放了浙江沿海的一江山岛等，但金门岛数次战斗都未能登陆。

我加入中国共产党

1954年2月，我经区长孙立官、宣委张梅霞同志介绍加入中国共产党，半年预备期转正后成为一名正式的共产党员。这给今后的仕途打下了良好的基础。当时能入党是一种很先进的表现，也是人们很羡慕的一种愿望，许多人想但条件不具备，我才20岁就是中共党员，当然是很了不起的。

第一次赴省团校学习

3月份县团委书记孙玉派我和七区团委黄业棉，一区团委陈爱娥三人赴省团校学习。我们都是第一次来省城福州，一切感到很新鲜，感觉大都市很美。

解放初的福州，旧社会留下残渣还来不及清理，市政建设也未开始，破旧的公交车只能从三叉街直开鼓楼前，没有别路车可行。人们以自行车为主要交通工具，城区面积很少，除八一七路外，后街、塔头街、台江都是主街，田当是郊区，上、下杭街靠近码头较热闹。

省团校办在仓前山积兴里二号，是一栋洋人公寓改造的，环境很优美。当时的课程设置很紧张，纪律也很严格，每周只有星期天才准许上街玩或做个人卫生。

学习内容主要是国内外形势、阶级斗争、党史、青年团少先队工作任务以及中国农村要开展互助合作等，省委领导和团中央首长也来亲自做报告。

学习的方法是听一次报告，然后分题分组讨论，以地区单位编组，我们属南平地区，来了南平、沙县、尤溪、古田、屏南等县才15人。

平时晚上都是学习，只有周六下午搞卫生，或平整操场，晚上举办舞会。

敌机轰炸

当时福州是海防前线，夜间常有台湾敌机来捣乱，听到防空警报一响，全城就关灯，我们就跑进防空洞疏散隐蔽。有时有听到枪炮声，都未见打下敌机来。

6月我们学习结束回来不久，福州就被敌机轰炸，从台江戏院即现在的华联商厦一带烧了很多房子。据说敌机是从近海平面进来的，我们雷达不能发现，我们当时的防空力量很弱，鼓山顶有几门高射炮，鼓山下还在修马路。我们上鼓山玩都是走山间小路，有钱人是用轿抬上去的。

改变私有制 试办农业社

学习回来后，区委派我到唐宦村试办苏沂斌初级农业社，兼建团工作。办农业生产合作社是农民获得“由穷变富”的必经之路，是改变私有制的第一步，全党的中心任务。当时工作方法是层层办试点，取得经验后才全面开展。我们二区是地委互助合作化重点区。地委在抗洋村办张学严农业社，由区委副书记郑寿炎驻点，县委办玉元周长辉农业社，由区委张梅霞驻点，区委办山区唐宦苏沂斌农业社由我驻点。

这三个点只能办好不能办坏，任务非常艰巨，我们压力很大，但我们必须迎难而上。

在办社过程中主要是发动群众，讲解为什么要办，怎么办，有什么优越性等，使农民明确组织起来力量大，能战胜自然灾害，减少天灾人祸的损失，不再走听天由命的老路，而是要走由穷变富的必经之路。农民明白道理后采取自愿报名入社。

所谓初级，就是在互助的基础上，入社的农户把土改分的土地带进。土地有评估，按等级可以收回当年收入的30%地租，70%按各人参加工作的劳动所得分配。当年收入除农业税、成本，烈军属优抚费外，都是生产按工作分红值。男女编组，有农业、副业生产，到年底，全二区入社农户只有20%左右，当然许多人感到入社是一种进步，是光荣的。

这年6月县首届人民代表大会召开，牛天福当选县长。

这年6月14日我长女光容在玉元出生，亲朋好友来祝贺一翻。自己觉得有儿女了，家庭任务重了，现在是大人了。

这年7月新中国第一部《宪法》公布实施。8月我被提拔为区团委副书记（书记是区委兼）。10月我姐苏凤仪、姐夫、外甥三人由组织推荐到东北辽宁省抚顺市做红曲，师傅离家前往。

1955年1月开始实行义务兵役制，改志愿兵为义务兵，军属不享受农民优抚工补贴。我在端溪村发动兵役。

到5月份我调到玉库乡工作，兼顾平湖中心小学建立少年先锋队和区直机关建团工作。

1953年国家实行粮食统购统销后，有部分地方购了农民“过头粮[2]”，有的农民因减产而引起减少口粮，使缺粮农民不满，口粮不足就会产生社会不稳定。这时我们要重新给农民定产定购地任务调整，做到农民、国家利益都兼顾，使农民吃下“定心丸”积极性又高起来，积极生产，从而多产多吃。

这个任务在55年上半年完成后，7月开始修建鹰潭至厦门的铁路。这是全省第一条铁路，也是为解放台湾而修建的支前铁路。各乡派民工参加支前修铁路。二区区委书记许天保调任古田县民工大队长，配合铁道兵8505部队进入第一线。这时十区（凤埔）又合并到二区，由孙照友任书记。

兴办高级农业社

9月毛泽东主席发表了著名的《关于农业合作化高潮》的指示，号召全国迅速掀起农业合作化，批评了一些领导人“像小脚女人老怨人家走快了”的保守势力。全国很快进入办高级农业生产合作社高潮。我在玉库乡办起了以村为单位的高级农业社。

所谓高级农业社，就是在初级社的基础上将地租收入一项取消了，完全按劳分配，在总收入中除税收成本外，要留2%公益金，3%公积金，做为再生产和以丰补歉的积累。耕牛、农具一律评估拆价入社。

管理委员会的职权很大，没有宣布以社代政，但实际上代行了村长职权，管委会由民主选举产生。当时入社农户占90%以上，余下的是没劳力或病残户，山厂单丁户。

当时毛主席在全国人民心目中威望很高，只要一声令下各界都会积极响应。入社是政治任务，农民争先恐后报名。

在玉库乡宣布成立高级社的一天，我们组织全村男女老少大游行。他们扛着三年发展的远景规划，牵着水牛背着犁耙，敲锣打鼓，举红旗，喊口号，放鞭炮，队伍从江姑妈庙改建的乡政府门口出发，沿石狮桥奔平湖街，经区公所到石山尾回玉库。所到之处人们鞭炮齐鸣，共庆胜利。震动、响应之大是超过土改的。这标志着农民从私有制变为集体所有制。毛主席发给农民土改的土地所有权证失效了，收缴了。随后，农村建立起集资股份制的农村使用合作社和统管生产、生活资料的物资供销合作社。这农业社、信用社、供销社三社的建立是一个新生事物，是新中国第一个股份制产物，农民的心情就像大姑娘出嫁——是头一回，既喜欢，又担心。

剿灭程春松

这一年七月至十一月经长期侦察抓捕以反共剿共付队长为首的，隐藏很深的程春松反革命队伍。在镇压反革命时被程春松逃亡漏网，在1954年因购过头粮造成农民口粮紧张，产生不满，市场供应不足，人民有怨声。程春松看错形势，认为时期对他有利，就出来活动搞破坏，在上下都及山区一带秘密组织起反革命队伍。经精心策划，准备在农历六月十九日玉库保慈寺庙会活动时组织暴动，攻打区公所，杀死区干部，抢劫银行、粮库、供销社，想做出震动全国的大案子。

我们在七月初发觉后就组织专门办案小组，我被分配担任此案侦破工作。通过买通曾做过农会干部的内线李廷柳。我们掌握他们的一切活动计划后，准备在6月19日晚上镇压消灭他们。由部队转业来县当付县长的李忠谈负责总指挥，县公安局、区干部全力以赴，民兵全面布防。

我们采取的措施是：各乡村干部配合驻队工作组及村民兵将乡村受管制的地、富、反、坏[3]四类分子及家属集中乡政府，通宵讯话，汇报思想，控制敌人活动；部分区干部全副武装，带领民兵把住要口，严阵以待，一旦发现暴动就打击消灭；抽取骨干7、8人化装成香客，潜伏庙内控制要口，占领制高点，一旦暴动开始就歼灭。由于这些行动规模较大，我们担心会被敌察觉而不敢冒险行动。

直到九月秋收后的一个夜里，我们奉命对隐藏在罗洋厝李廷明家的程春松实行包围，天亮时突击进行抓捕，在李廷明房间内地下室中抓到匪首程春松。李廷明外出，其妻涉及包庇窝藏罪被一齐抓捕。接着，连续作战开展抓捕，把这批队伍全部抓获。比较顽固的下洋仔富农分子兄弟二人不投降，待到天冷在山上住不了，饥寒难受时，我们用亲友引诱他们下山，在罗洋后门墓中围歼。到年底全案基本结束。

当时群众震动很大，都认为共产党干部真有本事，原认为程春松跑台湾去了，没想到这个反革命老手也逃脱不了死亡的命运。第二年五月，这批反革命骨干在凤埔中山堂被枪决的共8人。

对手工业、私营工商业的改造

1956年农村合作化后，城镇开始对手工业、私营工商业进行改造。其办法是：将手工业者组织起合作社，按类型划分若干小组，实行按件计酬，原料、销售都由合作社负责。全县组织县联合社后改为第二轻工业局。

对工商业者的改造是实行“利用、限制、改造”的方针，实行公私合营。将老板们的资产，包括店、厂房，评估造价入社。政府定期定时给定息，老板变职工，职工变骨干。

平湖街的工商业老板中最大户的是办酱园厂的李廷廉，京果的黄泰春，苏纺的苏孝武，药材的平安堂，以及烟草林芝美等都响应号召顺利进入公私合营店，有的人还担任合营店负责人。

市面上除了国营百货公司、供销合作社这两家主营外，剩下的就是公私合营店、合作店，没有私人摆摊设点销售。

合营后有些老板被安排担任担货郎下乡，农民除青菜外，没有私人产品。杀猪的要经批准，可以自产自销，市场上基本清一色。至此，中国的三大改造基本完成，表明已进入社会主义初级阶段——把私有制改造成集体所有制。

这年五月县第一党代会召开，靳苏贤为书记。

我被提拔为中共第四区区委副书记

1956年8月我因工作出色被提拔为中共第四区（横洋）区委副书记，享受正区级待遇（当时区委正副书记，区长三人为正区级，听报告、学文件等都按此享受）。区委书记谢统院，区长黄业棉都比我大二岁。

据了解南平地委任命时我为二区副书记，是县委知道书记李银河因娶地主童养媳高建娇为妻，在高入党时不同意而有矛盾，同陈中信对调。

到四区后，我分管宣传纪检工作，负责十三都一片小区，包括凤竹、瓦坑、上罗洋三个乡，人称上南路，常驻在国民党凤曹乡公所的凤竹乡。

这个乡有近千人口，地、富、反、坏一大批，也是国民党县参议员胡和善的家乡。这里属高寒地带，海拔在800米以上，离县城40华里，横洋50华里，全部都走羊肠小道，经济不发达，文化思想滞后，交通闭塞。农民单一种一季中稻、地瓜，单产低，砍柴卖米还得挑40里地到城关出售，出外靠副业打工较多，生活贫困，人民日常用品是有农业社每天固定一个劳力从大桥供销社用肩挑回来供应，肥料等生产资料由各生产队派劳力从大桥担回。瓦坑、后山、上罗洋等乡村比凤竹更差，人民生活更困难。由于自然条件差，区委都选派年轻有为的干部驻村工作。

我做为片长每月召集各乡工作组至少一次会议，上传下达，有时也到各乡巡视，住上一二天，帮助他们解决一些具体问题。

为使我安心工作，1957年经县委批准，区委决定让我家属从平湖搬来居住，这年8月我妻生下第二胎女孩。

因为世代穷，家低薄，结婚又欠了债，参加工作后工资不高，又无额外收入和别人帮忙，全靠工资和妻子在农业社劳动收入来供养全家四口。

由于原欠了农业社钱，所以一些人说我家是由农业社供养的，这话听了很受气，我就把家庭搬走，后来逐步还清了债务，才出了一口气。

解决水利问题 修建水库

凤竹还有一个中心小学，是个学区，包括泮洋乡上三年以上的学生都来这里读书，并寄宿在学校。我在这里住了近二年的时间，为他们修了一条罗源际水利，解决了几百公里的用水问题，勘测一条通泮洋至新华村的公路线道已部分动工，准备开发“曲斗”水电站。

当时的思想比较单纯，只为报答毛主席，条件再差困难再大都不怕，只要团结干群，依靠群众力量能为人民办点实事就拼命工作。

1957年春，县城成立水库工作委员会，决定开发古田溪水力发电站水库，淹没区域为十一个乡57个自然村，四万多人口要搬迁移民，新县城设在罗华。

古田溪水电站是国家“一五”计划重点工程，编号为101工程，由苏联专家设计施工。全程分五个梯级，电厂发电量为28万千瓦，是一个大项目。解放前国民党时期，美国人就曾来龙亭勘测过。

开工后万名工人日夜奋战。为加强领导，成立了一个县、团级单位。全县上半年开展整风整社，解决某些农业社作风不民主、财务不清等问题。机关继续开展肃清反革命工作，清除队伍中的不纯分子，部分干部第一次被下放农村，参加劳动，但是是拿国家工资的，不计劳动报酬，这些人其实多属于在机关被开除还不够条件的人，以后又多数被机关收回去。

整风运动的扩大化

到七月全国范围内开展“大鸣、大放、大字报、大辩论”运动，名曰，叫大家帮忙共产党整风提意见，用“四大”方式，全国这场大火烧起来后，中央说有人想利用整风搞挎共产党，公开提出要轮流执政，不能一党专政等等。资产阶级的东西是不怀好意的恶性攻击，因而中央决定在县级以上开展“反击右派斗争”，把他们在“四大”中的言论收集起来进行批判斗争。全县干部企事业单位被划为“右派份子”的人列入敌我矛盾，为此原有的“四类分子”加一个＂右＂字。

这是一场严肃的政治斗争，许多人没有思想准备，原来相处较好的人一夜之间成了敌人，是有人想不通的。许多人属于跟着人家讲的。到70年代为右派平反时，中央说：“右派确实有，但扩大化了”，使许多人做了二十多年黑人。

农村没有划右派，就把“四大”中放出的东西当“毒草”来批判，也专门划一段时间在群众中开展大辩论，从思想上分清是非。从此，许多人才知道“话不能乱讲了”。

基本工资调整

下半年把多年没有调整的工资进行调整，我从24级晋升到22级，按规定区级应是19级，但由于基础低，又没有连升三级的规定。调工资县里给的名额不是人人都有的，要按条件进行民主评定，还讲风格，谦虚的人就会吃亏。

这年秋冬，毛主席发表了《论十大关系》的著名讲话，解决国家经济建设中出现的新矛盾，比如工业与农业，消费与积累，中央与地方，国内与国外等等，是一个战略指导思想。

到年尾全县按区公所所在地的名称改名，如第一区改名为城关区，第二区改名为平湖区，第四区改名为横洋区。

全省第一个文化乡

冬天，我区的秀峰乡完成扫盲任务，成为全省第一个文化乡。骨干积极分子肖金香上北京领奖，后被厦门大学招收预科培养典型。大桥至大甲的大东公路也开始修建，民工由大东四个区负担（横洋、卓洋、鹤塘、杉洋）。国家资金只解决桥函材料和技术工资。民工评工记分，回乡里平均分摊给高级社承担。准备大战“半年通车”。

小结

从53年至57年这个时期，是经济从恢复到发展的时期，人民生活水平在逐步改善，社会治安稳定，百姓安居乐业，工农业生产都有了很大发展，人民对共产党领导基本满意。

[1]即每送一担米到女方家住几夜，待妇女生下孩子后抱回养，就断了婚姻关系。

[2]过头粮：即寅吃卯粮的意思

[3]指地主、富农、反革命、坏分子。

（五）大跃进三面红旗

从1958年开始，中国社会进入一个非常时期。中央提出“总路线，大跃进，人民公社”三面红旗的狂热口号，把中国带进一个最为“左倾”、最不实事求是的时期，许多严重问题都发生在这个时期，历时三年。

1958年春，以县团级设置的县移民委员会成立。第一批移民试点工作开始，历时三年多的古田溪水力发电站一级电厂即将开始发电。水库要蓄水了！

“亩产万斤稻”

6月，县召开县区乡三级干部大会，贯彻党的总路线“鼓足干劲，力争上游，多快好省地建设社会主义”。到会者一下子思想被吊上天空，会上提出许多不敢想，不敢做，不切合实际的口号、目标和任务。什么“今年实现亩产千斤稻”“、“万吨钢”、“办万个工厂”、“三年移民一年完成”、“人有多大胆，地有多大产”、“亩产万斤稻，百万斤菇”等。会后各地掀起大跃进，大放“卫星”的浮夸作风，到处开展“插红旗，拔白旗”（指思想保守的干部）等活动。移苗拼丘迅速刮起瞎指挥，强迫命令作风严重。人们想不到怎么会出现这种局面。

到8月，县里组织一批思想先进的干部到湖北省麻城县参观，回来的人说，“稻穗上面可以坐一个五岁小孩不会掉下来，亩产确能达万斤”。其实那是将成熟稻苗用“移苗拼丘”的办法合并而成，可见浮夸到何等地步。

“人民公社好”

9月，毛主席视察湖北时说：“还是叫人民公社好”。一句话，在湖北试办的第一个“人民公社”，迅速在全国繁衍起来。

古田县第一个公社是在平湖区建立的，不到半个月，全县各区都办了起来。

所谓“人民公社”就是把区公所撤消，以行政管辖单位改称，既是行政单位又是经济组织，实行政社合一。

我们各乡改称生产大队，没有乡一级政权了。接着人民公社、各大队实行军事化管理，县成立民兵野战师，各社成立团，书记兼政委，县长、社长兼师长、团长，还配备先进武器，有轻重机枪60炮等，平湖公社还在福州赶制军服，挂起军衔来，造成真假解放军分不清。全民皆兵，军事化管理，农村大办全民食堂、托儿所、养猪场，大搞吃饭、出工、劳力集中睡觉的三集中生活，取消一家一户吃饭，老妇们到托儿所管孩子。

我被任命第一任大桥公社社长，因黄业棉区长半年前被调去崇安开发飞机场，行政工作由我兼管。横洋区公所搬到大桥上安樟破庙里办公。

10月，县组织我们到省办典型的城门公社参观学习。

“超英赶美 大炼钢铁”

冬天，为响应毛主席超赶英国的雄心壮志，组织大批劳力上山砍树烧木炭，开始全民大练钢铁运动。机关停止办公，学校停课。商店半天开门，到处摆开炼铁战场，田园稻谷未收霉烂，各级领导带头日夜监守炼铁炉，并一边指挥。有人提出“苦战三十天，借肉十斤拼命干”，有人提出“完不成任务提头来见”。

但没有专业的设备和冶炼技术，如何保证生产质量。上面领导可不管，铁屎流出来，就放鞭炮庆贺，其实是废渣。天天虚报出炉铁产量，放“卫星”满天飞，浮夸者得先进。

福建省独创一条“放开肚皮吃饱饭，鼓足干劲拼命干”，人们走到哪里就吃到哪里，不付钱不记帐，取消财务核算，好象进入共产主义按需分配了。

后来全民炼不出铁，就发动群众砸铁锅，拔门闩顶任务。食堂放了一个月肚皮，就发现米不够吃而不敢放了。

据第二年省领导讲，是年报中多写了一个“0”，食堂以为完全够吃，结果实际上并没有报告中那么多。

几个月的时间，朝令夕改，翻来覆去，弄的基层干部头昏脑胀，身体搞垮，不知今后怎么干，大家都只是盲目的听命令。

在这场全民炼铁全民食堂时期里，所有森林被砍光，田园荒芜，真是劳民伤财，损失惨重。

这年9月10日，旧城搬迁到罗华新城来办公，20日大东公路通车，全长44公里。

“反完左倾反右倾”

1959年全县人民继续大跃进。3月四千人的干部大会召开，开始纠正“一平二调刮共产风”的整风算帐运动，纠正挫伤农民积极性的左倾错误。

可惜，会议还没贯彻完，到7月又开始“反右倾”、“拔白旗”运动，又召开二千人大会，有百余名不满大跃进浮夸风等人，其中严重的十多名干部被定为是彭德怀右倾机会主义分子而批判斗争，会后重新刮起更大更凶的大冒进。人们有不同看法只好放在心里，不敢说真话，还要盲目、违心地跟着别人干。

这年6月8日20时，古田水库关闸蓄水。

由于大跃进放“卫星”移民补偿资金少，房屋质量差，面积不足而造成许多后遗症，长期解决不了，百姓吃了大亏，名曰“大贡献”。在这里有一则笑话不知是否真实，说是1961年朱德总司令和陈毅元帅来古田视察，巡游水库后回县委会，从山上看新城许多矮房一排排立着，朱德说“古田养猪业很发达嘛，建了那么多猪舍！”可见当时房屋质量太差，把移民房当成猪舍。

治理移民问题

为了巩固移民工作，我又分管移民，就到平湖移来人口最多最集中的从抗下村移来横洋的大队挂点。

横洋村是国民党反动基础最强的村，解放前伪县政府办事做官人就有20多人，有竞选“国大”代表的陈灼奎（被镇压），有马来西亚华侨首富陈赞汤，还有一个国军军长溪沙人。

平湖抗洋乡移民人口超过当地人口，都住在被征用的“地主”“官僚”厝里。当地人身份不好，干部里95%是移民人。县里树立移民发展生产的典型大队，用移民补偿资金建起一座小型水电厂，以及俱乐部、仓库、小学校等，村面貌焕然一新。但在有成分论、阶级斗争的年代里，当地人有意见只能在肚子里憋着。全县农村忙于大抓农业生产，但粮食开始吃紧，社会出现一些不健康的东西。

1960年大跃进三面红旗继续高举。

接待领导做汇报

秀峰大队做为全省第一个文化乡出现。所谓文化乡，就是通过夜校扫盲普遍达到初中文化程度。中央派教育部付部长董纯才来检查验收。为此，我们专门修了一条从公馆到秀峰的公路，约六公里，全社抽调民工日夜加班奋战在大雪纷飞的高山上，省、地、县都派员提前视察。食堂、托儿所、工厂、养猪场呈现出一派农村新气象。花了许多精力财力，部长驱车前来，因为路滑进不了村，只能在公社里听汇报，第二天就回福州了。接着以后来了全国妇联等领导，我作为社长自当负责了许多工作，接见、汇报、后勤生活、安全无不过问。

春天里，提出开发“万宝山”，各社组织劳力进山开垦，安营扎寨，种植杂粮和造林，把养猪场也迁到山上。

4月，县扩干会上又提出人均双千粮，二百元钱，创造条件向公社所有制过渡。农村也在大办工业、交通，新的一场刮共产风，瞎指挥又开始。县、社都配备党委专职副书记管工业、养猪。

到7、8月份，许多社出现闹粮荒，食堂无米下锅，市场付食品紧缺，棉布供应紧张。全县又召开扩干会，开始号召大抓粮食，大搞瓜菜代，县城工人、居民开始下放回农村。

小结

三面红旗带来的共产风、浮夸风、瞎指挥等问题开始彻底暴露出来，但许多领导人头脑仍在发烧，并不感到问题严重，有的怕戴上“右”的帽子，不敢讲真话，许多干部思想行为准则是“宁左勿右”。

在1962年毛主席在千人大会上总结三面红旗时说：不讲真话，共产风，浮夸风，一害人民，二害自己。

（六）困难时期 三分天灾七分人祸

从1960年下半年开始，至1963年上半年为止，是解放以来中国人民生活在最艰苦最困难时期，这是人为造成的，也有苏联逼债和天灾的原因。

大跃进带来的萧条

大跃进以来每年高征耕、高指标、高压力的三高政策使下面不堪承受，只好用浮夸虚报来完成任务。

1960年征购入库后，人民没饭吃现象开始出现，接着到处闹粮荒，政府开始号召人民“低标准、瓜菜代”来过日子。农村大量靠国家反销粮食度日，公社化后农民不种菜不养家禽。青菜由专业队种植供食堂吃用，养猪场有几头皮包骨瘦如柴的猪，也不能随便宰杀，且不时有死亡，只见猪进栏不见猪出栏。

市场上付食品、纺织品、工业品，粮油肉鱼烟酒糖一律凭证供应。居民户每人每月定量大米24斤、油二两、肉或鱼半斤，其他付食品如豆制品半斤，每人分布票五尺。农民没有享受这些定量供应物资，全靠公社、生产队自己解决，许多农民见居民有这些优越性，使儿女不至于饿死，便把女子嫁到城里，造成后来生了孩子的户口也随娘不能落户城里居民，变成黑户，读初中了还没户口。

由于饥饿难受，社会出现不稳定局面。解放后路不拾遗，夜不闭户的安居乐业日子被小偷小摸搞得不安宁。他们主要偷东西吃，连生产队已种下的地瓜也被人偷吃了。各地采取许多措施防范，干群关系紧张，各种矛盾不断增加恶化。

人们开始生病，眼肿、肚大、腿肿等缺泛营养的浮肿病很多。社会没有生活气息，到处都在讲饥饿、找吃。

到1961年春耕生产搞不起来了，人们到处挖野菜，掘“国芒”（烧火的野菜），采树叶，捞浮萍，以此来充饥。供浮肿病人吃的糠也要批条供应，这时部分地方出现饿死人现象，人们心里恐惧、不安，不知所措。人们开始埋怨共产党，人们想尽办法保住性命。

在这种局面下，干部带头与人民同甘共苦，一齐到食堂吃定量饭菜，一齐下地劳动、开会学习，把人民紧紧团结起来。

把执行者当替罪羊

到1961年下半年上级提出反强迫命令、反官僚主义、反瞎指挥、反浮夸风运动，开始退赔大跃进中的“一平二调刮共产风”。甄别错案平反“拔白旗”干部，把基本核算单位从大队下放到生产队，实行以队为基础的三级核算。

可惜，这一运动把矛头指向基层干部，把错误政策的执行者作为替罪羊，把责任归罪于下面干部，又一次地挫伤了干部积极性。

古田县委在县防疫站设立学习班，把所谓民愤大、作风坏的公社、生产大队干部五、六十人集中这里，名为学习，实为软禁、劳教，半天参加劳动，半天学习。有的人被所谓群众揪回批斗，历时半年之久。实际上把这批忠心耿耿、最听话、最有实力、最不会搞鬼的执行者作为牺牲品，去平息平民愤怒，给群众出气。

但他们以全局为重，口无怨言，逆来顺受。许多没被批的干部都在捏一把汗，担心受怕得过日子，不知哪天也轮到自己头上来。在这场运动中，积极的干部都是一些拍马屁、看风头的人，被批的干部都是全心全意为人民的精神可嘉者。

人命案承担领导责任 下放到丝绸厂的经历

我因为这年春天的一个夜晚在横洋大队俱乐部开群众大会（包括中村、溪沙、梅坪），在台上做报告。民兵队长陈寿联，大队长陈冬桂（均为移民来的干部），他们带民兵去巡逻时，发现一个疯老头（隆德洋人）在偷挖地瓜吃，被他带回捆在后台柱子上。这个老人因平时也有小孩把他捆绑在公路边的树上，因而没引起人们注意。等到散会时，我才发现疯癫人被捆绑，就叫人把他放了，但来人报告他已经不行了，我就赶紧叫来医生，后因抢救无效而死亡。

当时我未发现，更谈不上制止，更无交代捆绑，但毕竟出了人命关天的大案来，我要承担领导责任，那是在所难免了。为此，我也进了学习班。三个月的反省，批判后“毕业”。组织上给我撤消社长职务，处分调离公社回县里，安排到县移民安置新办的国营丝绸厂担任党支部书记。

这是我人生第一次遭受严厉打击，精神压力之大，内心之苦无法形容，就连上街都害怕见到熟人，还好自己总认为我是替下级干部承担责任的，自己没有干坏事，心里无愧却受到了连累，能正确对待，要有勇气、毅力去克服精神上的压力。许多朋友也都劝我。

当时有许多干部经受不了考验，待政策放松时就申请退职，回乡搞小自由，做生意赚钱，结果葬送了前途而后悔莫及。

丝绸厂工作经历的因祸得福

县丝绸厂是大跃进的产物。当时为解决古田移民生活出路而利用水库区旧木料向浙江、江苏、上海三地四方协作而办。厂房机器都没有。

1961年9月份，由付县长许天保带队到沪浙苏解决设备问题、培训人员。我几十年在农村工作，这次出差到“好江南”上海大都市去享受一下生活，是因祸得福了。

在前后近一年的时间里，先后四次到沪浙苏等地办事，增长了许多见识，特别是在家里饿肚皮，而在外或多或少还能买到在县里看不到的食物，如花生酱之类，带了些回来让妻子享受充饥，特别是1959年生下三女儿光平，正是会吃东西的时候。

县里决定利用大跃进办的农业展览馆改造成厂房（即后来的制药厂），安装设备投产不到一年因政策变化被下马。

市场放宽 货币贬值

1961年下半年市场开始放宽，由国营单位的饮食店等组织所谓“高级菜、高级饼、高级糖、烟、酒”等开始向市场出售。一般菜正常才二、三元，高级菜要二、三十元或五、六十元，许多人饥饿难受，卖金卖银也要去买一盘尝荤，市场从沉死中出现活气。城关各街道居民办的食堂也开始大量出卖地地瓜米糕，人们抢购一空。街谈巷议着哪家地瓜米糕大，买哪家合算。这是新中国成立以来第一次出现通货膨胀，货币大贬值。

三面红旗错误检讨 干群关系有所缓和

1962年国家开始大调整。毛泽东主席在北京召开全国县委书记以上的党委书记会议，又叫七千人会议，对三面红旗造成损失错误进行检讨。会后各级立即停办食堂、托儿所，养猪场也解散。农村开放“小自由”，允许农民种菜、饲养家畜，允许剩余物资上市场出售。部分农民出现“三包到户”。城市工厂职工大部分精简下放回农村，各种矛盾逐步化解，干群关系有所缓和。但人们生活还是困难的。

内忧外患

到5月中旬中印边界关系紧张，印度军队不断侵占我领土，并不断打伤打死我军民。中央一声令下，我军进行反击，并取得胜利。印度在尼赫鲁总统死后，出现了这种不友好侵略行为，遭受我军教训后，变得老实了，进入了边界谈判阶段。

到7月，退居在台湾的蒋介石父子又错估形势，开始叫嚣反攻大陆，并提出回大陆来做六十岁大寿。他们认为大陆百姓受饿受压迫，对共产党很不满，只要反攻令下，百姓就会跟着他。我们开始大搞备战，大批解放军从北而南，来福建备战，东南沿海进入一级战备。台湾还不断派遣小股武装特务偷袭，但大都有来无回。老蒋叫了几个月，泄气了。到年尾战备工作逐步放松，战争打不起来了。

在困难时期，古田又出现移民因地少，房子少，生活特别困难而上访、闹事，要求增加补偿损失，解决移民出路问题。上级确定县移民工作机构要扩大，把移民的实际问题加以解决，再重新外迁移民。我被调到移委会任宣传科长，负责外迁到闽北各县安置点参观，定点解决具体问题，土地划分，安置点建设，单独建立生产队等。

经过各级努力，古田有重新外迁移民四千多人被安置在崇安、建阳、邵武、顺昌等县。

男婴降生

1962年10月1日，国庆十三周年之际，我全家盼望已久的男孩光斌降生在古田丝绸厂办公楼宿舍内。晚上9点左右，大家看完国庆游行晚会回来，淑莺顺产。留厂的职工干部都为我高兴，为我忙。我特地从銮垅请母亲来奉养月子，妻子用积存多年的一个金戒指换回了鸡和蛋。我每月54.5元工资，又经常出差，开销大，家里还有一妻三女，生活已经很紧迫了，但见到孩子出生，心里得到安慰，苦也甜。

1963年人民生活有了好转，一是政策好，二是“小自由”起了大作用。允许农民在自留地上种植，农民很快由解决饥饿转向温饱，另外还有物资供应市场，使大家的生活逐步缓解。

在县委农村工作队的工作

移民工作基本完成以后，我又被调到县委农村工作队任队长。这年初全县又分卓洋、凤埔、大甲三个公社，我被派驻鹤塘公社苏洋大队去改造落后队工作。

这个大队班子弱，村落分散，平原与山区自然、经济条件差异大。所谓落后就是管不了，无力管，生产发展不起来。我们四个人住队分兵把口驻村，与农民同甘共苦，采取暗中包产到组的办法，一年就获得翻身，农民、上级都满意。

二女赴沈

这年9月，二女光琴（时七岁）跟随我姐夫到沈阳读书。一来我姐未生育子女，身边只有一个养子贞凯，二来我家庭子女多负担重，小女孩很懂事也愿意走。从此，小琴就在沈阳读书、工作，成家立业了。

这三年的困难总算渡过来了。大家在阵痛思定中认为造成三年困难是三分天灾七分人祸，是由“三面红旗”的负面造成的。苏联在60年乘机逼债，撤走了专家。但中国百姓是好的，他们除有怨气之外，没有不轨行为，饿死了人没有人去请愿、游行、闹事和对抗。中国领导也是英明的。毛主席在党内外公开检讨承担责任，并从国家主席一职上退居下来，让刘少奇当国家主席。

据说在困难时期，毛、刘、朱、周以及政治局常委们都不吃猪肉，都在食堂与职工同甘共苦，正是中央的正确，领袖们以身作则，共产党靠自身力量来纠正错误，度过难关，又带领人民前进。全党干部对党忠诚，廉洁奉公，和与民共苦也分不开的。

为此，中国共产党真不愧为伟大的、光荣的、正确的共产党。

（七）社会主义教育“四清”运动

1964年春，我被县委派驻鹤塘公社西洋大队同许天保副县长等人抓典型工作。

西洋是大东地区有名的村，三千多人口，田、山、林、水都好，年尾造林工作被评为华东地区先进单位，集体经济较发展。在先进单位工作思想要有创意，不能守摊过日子。

五、六月份苏联赫鲁晓夫当政，一上台就逼中国还抗美援朝军火费，单方面撤走专家使许多援建工程停办下马，中国损失惨重。

中国因历史条件原因第二套人民币二、三、五元三种在苏联印制，中苏关系紧张后他们利用旧版面制假钞捣乱中国，破坏经济建设。我中央当即决定在全国内收回苏制版币。西洋大队开一个群众大会三天内全部按一比一兑换收回。可惜当时不敢留下，若能收藏几张，现在可宝贵了。

到7月份，我被任命为鹤塘公社副社长，主持全国第二次人口普查工作，到10月份全省组织农村社会主义教育工作队，开展“清思想、清政治、清经济、清组织”活动的“四清”工作团，大调人马大兵团作战，我和公社书记谢统院一同被抽调，谢提拔为县委农村工作部部长，去搞社教为分团长，我为队长，前往连江县集中，公社工作暂由余深燔主持。

我家属在7月刚搬进居住，一切生疏，我走了一切由妻子承担，很难为她们母女。

古田当时属闽侯专区管辖，搞社教同福安专区合并成立工作总团，由省委副书记伍洪详任总团长。古田抽调三百多名骨干，两百多名从农村调来的积极分子组成工作分团，由县委副书记关跃庭负责，分配在官头公社，我队由县武装部政委卢纲任队长，我为副队长，分配在竹歧大队。

官头是闽江出口处，有出名的长门炮台、青芝寺，靠近福州，又是侨乡和鱼米之乡。

工作队在县城集训一个月后进驻各地开展工作，按中央规定向群众宣讲“十条”，以及河北保定地区试点出现的农村“四不清”问题。其不但阻碍生产力发展，又危及政权，因此必须在全国分期分批开展，解决现有人民内部矛盾又有敌我矛盾。既解决政治问题又解决经济问题，达到巩固政权、发展生产的目的。

工作队一进村都把原来当权干部避开，自己找贫苦农民家去住和吃，通过劳动建立起感情，通过访贫问苦，然后组织起贫下中农协会，靠他们开展工作，待逐步摸清情况后把原来干部再分批使用起来。

经过发动群众，掌握第一手材料和算帐拿出证据后，组织干部交代自己问题，名曰：“下楼”。经群众认定后，没问题干部叫“解放”，可以出来工作，一般是先清政治思想，后清经济，再清各种组织，最后经验收合格后才离队，一个大队工作约半年时间。

所谓四清实际又是一场整干部运动，我先后到过连江、福清、长乐和福清四个大队，前后两年多时间。到1966年尾全国开展文化大革命时才奉命撤退。在这两年多时间里只有每搞完一批后，才放假十天回家和家人团聚，平时不准请假，当时规定“社教”人员同军人一样，家属也享受军属一样待遇。队员多在沿海一带，每队都在十几二十人，过集体生活保持严肃作风，不准单独一人进社员家，不准随便上街吃点心或看电影，主要怕会被人腐蚀。

在鹤塘主持工作的余深燔是个怕老婆的，没有什么原则的人，他老婆借势欺压我家属，他纵容不作声，许多干部看不顺眼，很有意见，他听之任之。县里安排一个社办工作给我老婆，也被他老婆抢去，还好“文革”开始，他夫妇日子就不好过了。到80年代他夫妇都归天，连个追悼会都没人开，是恶有恶报。

小结

社教实际上是整基层干部，他们不脱产只补贴工分，没有工资，绝大多数出身好，忠于党，任劳任怨，为人民服务，报酬不大，获利不多。由于国家政策不稳定，当干部者难免要得罪一些人，由于运动多，常常是做为被整的对象，到头来有苦无处诉，挨整受气连累家属，我们要将心比心要看方方面面的情况，要看全局，看大方向，千万不要生搬硬套，坚持从实际出发，这样也就会少出点错误。

（八）文化大革命的十年

1966年5月毛泽东主席决定发动文化大革命。文化大革命全称是“开展无产阶级文化大革命”简称“文革”。这场革命是毛主席亲自发动和领导的，是史无前例的革命运动。党中央发出“5.16”通知，从中央到地方，从城市到农村，一场声势浩大文革烈火在中华大地烧起来。

开始矛头直指文化界、艺术界，因怕造反不彻底，毛主席在大半年的时间里先后十二次在北京天安门接见由各地学校学生组织的“红卫兵”，接见后利用他们到全国各地串联闹革命造反。到十月份毛主席亲自写了一张大字报《炮轰资产阶级司令部—我的一张大字报》，又表扬了北大聂元梓的造反精神。至此，全国各地的大字报铺天盖地而来，到处出现炮轰资产阶级司令部。这时几乎没有一个是无产阶级的司令部，各种造谣蛊众、无中生有、捕风捉影的东西都出现在大字报“炮轰”上面，是非不分，黑白颠倒，人们觉得变了天，林彪作为接班人，手捧毛主席语录跟在毛主席背后，整天喊语录不离手，万岁不离口，到处宣扬造神论。学生停课，工厂停工，交通半瘫痪，全国处于一片混乱。毛主席说“乱的好，乱了敌人”。

开始大家对文革不理解，但很快从砸烂“四旧”转向斗争老干部，炮轰各级党政首脑的资产阶级司令部，大家才清醒过来。这时已经人人自危，不能自主的主持工作，生活不得安宁。随着批斗老干部扩大，各级机构瘫痪，各地处于无政府状态。

这年底女儿小玲才满周岁，她妈被安排到县纸厂工作，也因叶明澄夫妇未生育急于想抱个女孩过嗣传宗接代，所以把小玲送给他为女。

造反派和夺权派的斗争

1967年1月随着上海市造反派夺了市委党政领导权后，全国各地在几天之内全部被造反派夺权了。所谓夺权，就是由他们几个人接到上面人通知，突然凶恶地把当权派（各级各部的领导人）集中起来，当众叫你把公章给他，办公地点用他们个人封条贴上，宣布一下从现在起由他们掌权，当权派集中学习，陆续交代“反党反社会主义”的问题。

由于夺权派没有把所有造反派都联合起来夺权，只是少数人行动，引起了没参加夺权的造反派不满，而纷纷贴出声明，宣布他们夺权无效，造成了大分裂。

古田出现夺权派是老区红卫兵为主，后改称“1.26造反派”，即1月26日夺权的。又由其他造反组织联合成反对夺权一派。接着全国各地都起内战，由舌战发展到真刀真枪的大战斗。他们对当权派的斗争也从嘴斗变成武斗，用恶毒的戴高帽、挂铁丝木牌游街示众、搞“喷气式”等。有人公报私仇，被惨遭毒打而死，有人设私牢、发私愤，全国乱到了极点。

这时，中央派军队介入，名曰“支左”即支持革命左派。到6、7月份全国出现到处夺解放军的枪支弹药，许多地方是解放军纵容他们来夺的，全国大规模武斗到处展开，像武汉就出现过百万雄师大武斗。

我从66年底社教结束回原单位，在社教时工作团已经有了红卫兵造反组织名叫“野战团”，以社教干部积极分子为主。鹤塘也有许多学生红卫兵，贫下中农红卫兵，复退兵团红卫兵等组织，从破“四旧”开始斗牛鬼蛇神“地富反坏”，再转向斗贪污、腐化的干部，因为他们侵害了群众利益民愤较大，如斗一号“公猪”李某某，二号“公猪”黄某某等。

他们的目标起初都一致，但到1.26晚夺权后马上分裂夺权与反夺权两大派。开始时，造反派都认为我在鹤塘时间不长，工作成绩大，有威望，都想争取我对他们的支持。当他们得不到时，就采取“我得不到也不让你得到”策略。在失去利用价值时，就对我批斗起来，但七斗八斗没有内容，就没有人参加了。后又将我组织到许多当权派（党委委员、副社长以及各部门的带“长”的人都叫当权派）的学习班去学习、交代问题，接着逼我搬出公社宿舍到外面租民房居住。到四月春耕大忙了，叫我下乡去负责西洋一片（包括松、双、苏洋），去抓革命促生产。

武斗升级

到7月全县武斗升级，交通全部瘫痪没有车辆通行。夺权派守县城，并组织大批农民手持竹竿进行武斗，名曰“保卫夺权”。反对派退守在罗华，以西大桥为界，双方都建碉堡围墙，铁丝网林立相隔。夺权派把反对派的人抓来关在“红建工”，即现在一建公司办公楼，吊打批斗，隔绝音讯。

我因始终反对他们胡作非为公开反对夺权，成为他们逮捕的对象。有一天我在西洋村“大洋中”帮助生产对收割6月早稻，中午回来俱乐部驻地吃饭时，通讯员余深最叫我上俱乐部炮楼去午睡，说上面凉，然后就把门反锁上。约二时左右，大队部门口来了两辆货车停上约一个小时后开走，下午很迟了余深最来开门锁时对我说，是夺权派来抓你，被我骗说你早上去松洋、双洋，几天才能回来。因为余深最是夺权派，说的话他们当然会相信。

他为什么要爱护我？一是他反对胡作非为，二是因我关系好有阶级感情。吃完晚饭后他用自行车护送我鹤塘住家，使我避过一场灾难。我一辈子感激不尽。

第二天我到公社查问掌权人刘忠盛为什么来抓我，他推说不知道。我同刘忠盛观点不同，但过去是同事，他也尊重我，彼此关系尚可以。在鹤塘可以说他是夺权派的头，我是反对派的头，我们达成“保持本地平安，双方不搞打砸抢行为”的协议，在有关生产等问题还能坐一起研究。

他深知我有一定号召力和组织活动能力。有一次武斗激烈时，他从县里回来对我说：“胡盛富是夺权派武斗头目，手中有枪，会找机会对你下毒手，你千万要回避他，不能一个人去县城……。”

胡盛富是泮洋公社凤竹大队人。其父属于富农成分，57年因闹粮荒，暗藏大量粮食被他女婿张义维揭发而被捕，判了四年徒刑，服役中死亡，胡被牵连，取消预备党员并变换工作岗位。我当时负责凤竹一片小区工作，因而有杀父之仇，想利用武斗公报私仇，机会很好，又能立功受奖。还是老天有眼，如此作恶多端的人在一次武斗中腿被打伤，真是恶有恶报。

惊心动魄的一次事件

这年8月鹤塘公社一个驻军班的枪也被夺权派夺走。

那天晚上轮我在公社值班，我到厨房看见老炊两个人煮了很多饭菜，我问，是什么事？答，是武装部的人交代办的。当时全国是解放军支左，地方是武装部掌权。

我回到楼上房间时，看见余深珠和他女婿魏干串两人在她房间，见我来就叫我闲聊，半个小时后，门口值班兵开枪射击数响。我们说，有情况后门走，但见楼梯下有大量农民拦着不让走。他们说：“我们是老区人民向解放军借枪。”这时才明白是夺权派来夺枪。被夺枪后这班兵迅速走了，军驻地在连江丹阳地方。

我们三人返回向大门口走，离开公社。大约半小时后，他们把抢夺的东西装上车开回古田，这时我同魏干串一齐从外面回社，只见社内一片狼籍，许多私人房屋、桌、橱被砸，粮票、现金被抢，这时也根本见不到武装部的人在场，原来他们在外面设有指挥部，夺的车开到凤梅亭时被反夺派拦截，丢下车辆狼狈逃跑，次日在全社大查是谁通“消息”，最后把邮局的职工抓到县城，打的要死。

当晚2时左右有两个兵，一个是班长，他们是29军闽北指挥部的兵，并没有支左任务，常驻鹤塘是对敌任务，与我们都很熟悉。他们从后门山上下来拿着两支手枪和一支冲锋枪。他们决定去追部队。我俩认为不妥：会招来大祸。经协商短枪二支由他们包在被包中带走，冲锋枪就埋在他们住的房间天花板上，有两夹子弹100发，用烂脏东西伪装好，由我们保管。到天亮时各地都知道他们是被人夺了枪的解放军，不会再有人去夺他的枪了。到年尾中央下令收缴造反派枪支时，这支枪才上缴。当时我俩的危险很大，若被夺权派知道，一定会被打个半死。

据后来了解，这次夺枪是县武装通知夺权派说：屏南有一排兵今晚路过鹤塘吃完饭回连江。因此他们决定来夺枪，谁知时间太早，该排兵尚未到达，他们冲进来夺了驻军的枪，这是他们内部后来揭发出来的。

争夺杉洋公社

县里分两大派后，杉洋公社被反对派把守，夺权派很生气，认为通往宁德的脖子被卡住，要千方百计解决它。于是就决定攻打杉洋。一天晚上鹤塘街上集中有大桥、卓洋及古田来的大批人马车辆，准备攻打杉洋，他们用车将人马运到“马鞍头”，然后步行包围杉洋待天亮时用炸弹炸开城门，集中兵力攻打反对派司令部――杉洋俱乐部，一时枪声、炮声像一级战斗，反对派没有还击就撤离，一小时左右他们宣布“杉洋解放”，用高音喇叭要反对派投降，但还有人被抓被打。

在县城，双方都用高音喇叭向对方宣传、臭骂，有一次夺权派被偷袭，驻守在气象台山上的夺权派被打死了人，夺权派就大做文章进行示威游行，声讨上访，像见人开两枪这样的小战斗多得很。直到中央下令收缴各派枪支时全国的武斗才停止，全国不知死了多少人。

“革命委员会”

1968年9月，上级派来一支部队支左，准备成立县“革命委员会”。正好这支部队的负责人营长黄鹤兴，江苏人，66年下半年在福清东张社教时是我的付队长，我们关系很好。他到古田支左住在县长楼，数天后来电要我专门前往看望，实为汇报古田情况。

到十一月县革命委员会成立后，各公社也相应成立，我做为革命干部代表参加“三结合”进班子，当了一名常委。可是结合只有十八天，上级说这支部队支歪了，被撤走，派仇恒章来当主任，我这个短命常委也被撤走了，并在鹤塘三中全县干部学习班会上宣布。接着他们庆祝胜利，游行示威，闹了一场。

第二年三月我进了古一中他们办的派性学习班，作为重点批判审查对象。古田县革委会的成立，实际上是把联合掌权改为他们一派掌权，支左部队便公开一边倒了，把另一派通过合法手段压下去。谢统院作为反对派头头被抓关进牢，因我们关系较好，他们就狠抓与谢有关系人的批斗，搞了一段时间，没捞到什么“稻草”，又无什么线索，只好逐步放松下来，至七月放回原单位去过“整党”关。我在进学习班前几天，看到形势，对我很严峻，十分不利，就叫内弟来帮助，把家撤回凤埔暂住，免得他们受株连。

当时我想，夺权派把我打成反革命，还不够条件，但斗到一定时候被开除回乡是有可能的，真到那时，凭我面子也能乞讨一张车票回家，所以把家属先行安置。

学习班回来后，开始进党，在全社召开生产队长以上三级扩干会上约200多人的大会，用莫须有的罪名进行连续七天七夜的大批斗，因为民愤不大，我又死坚持原则拿我也没办法，只好收场交差了。

到六九年春，宣布我下放杉洋公社盘洋大队，同省里下放的三人一起，边劳动边工作。第二年又调回梨洋大队。在下放期间，我们同上山下乡知青们相处很好，他们大有上当受骗之感。

林彪9月13日出逃，飞机摔死在蒙古洪都尔汗事件发生后，形势逐步开始好转，下放干部一起做宣传队工作，宣布批判林彪反革命集团罪恶。到七一年因我母亲胃癌病危，几次要求调回平湖凤埔一带工作，但夺权派头头陈其党把持人事大权死不肯放，后来是党代表到杉洋听我申诉，才同情把我调到泮洋，住在新华大队与省华侨办付主任吴杨老人一起工作。

建水电站

后来又受公社书记叶明澄的关照叫我到公社负责建设后路水电站。我在一无资金、二无设备的情况下，靠团结农民，全力奋斗，拼命苦干一年，安装了125千瓦的水电站。在建站期间，我吃住工地，许多事自己动手干，开着大20型拖拉机到县里拉水泥、钢材，向古田溪三级电厂老上级孙玉乞讨材料，同农民一起扛压力管安装等等，农民讲“没有苏渭忠就没有这个水电站，造反派实在不如当权派本事”。

随着电力发展，我又帮他们办起了锯板厂、农械修理厂、造纸厂，又开发茶山，开简易公路，使泮洋山沟里听到了机器声，听到了汽车声，点上了电灯，面貌发生了大变化。

公社看到成绩也给我一些回报——安排妻子在社办企业当出纳。

74年让我到山西昔阳去农业学大寨参观，大女儿高中毕业上山下乡时，安排当地当民办教师。公社中两派都有目共睹——“老苏真会干”。

农业学大寨

农业学大寨是毛主席发出的号召，全国各地纷纷组织干部到大寨学习参观，能去的人也是一种荣誉。我作为第三批人员前往。

那是1974年九月下旬，由泮洋、平湖、凤都、莪洋四个公社约一百多人前往，我被分配在先遣组负责吃住车等具体工作。各社抽调二人提前两天出发，从福州乘唯一出省的北京快车到济南下车，订好房间，购好去阳泉的车票，留下二人等次日到的大批人马，其他人即前往阳泉站安排好，再留下两人接待，其他人前往昔阳，然后安排吃住，参观日程。

大寨自然条件很差，山不长树，田里没水，风沙大，自然条件恶劣。他们以自力更生、艰苦奋斗、不怕苦不怕死的精神改变自然条件，创造出奇迹，其行为很伟大。陈永贵同志带领农民创造出人间奇迹确实很了不起，当全国模范无愧。

我们学习它主要是艰苦奋斗、自力更生精神。后来被江青等人利用来搞政治斗争的工具，那是另一码的事。

至今，我还认为大寨创业精神值得人们学习。但在文革后期，人们流行着顺口溜：“农业学大寨，吃寨寨做萘萘，没钱向银行贷，没米到粮库迈（背）”。这是对大寨的歪曲。

十月三日结束参观离开大寨，进北京玩。我们仍为先遣队，提前一天进京安排吃住，在京通过关系找到地质学院，适遇外迁，留下空场很多，从海淀区招待所租来被席住。

第一次来到首都北京

在北京玩了十多天，主要是参观名胜古迹，购买紧捎物资。革命半辈子，人生向往的祖国首都，大家都是第一次来的，怎么不叫人内心激动而欢乐高兴呢？都感到进北京无上光荣。

在京期间，我拜访了原在玉元一起工作过，后调外交部工作的张梅霞夫妇。她是我入党介绍人，久别重逢，无话不说，我住她家听她夫妇讲首都文革情况。还拜访了北大教授余泽波、江德爱夫妇。

然后我一个人前往沈阳看望姐和女儿，抚顺姨妈全家。到十月尾，沈阳下了三次大雪，就从大连乘船到上海回古田。

邓小平第二次复出

1976年春，随着周恩来总理、朱德委员长前后逝世，邓小平复出主持中央工作，我也被任命为泮洋公社党委副书记、革委会付主任，主持全面工作。原书记叶明澄进学习班。

谁知，好景不长，到下半年又刮来一股叫什么“右倾翻案风”。说我们搞整顿是“地主返乡团”，来反攻倒算，是以邓小平为首的镇压造反派的“郐子手”，接着又轮我们进学习班，邓小平第二次又被打倒。我们进学习班接受批斗、反省叫“转弯”。我想才主持半年工作，现在要准备批斗一年，像旧社会地主放高利贷一样，“叫牛头对，再踢一脚”，利上加利。

我们集中在全县夺权派很巩固的阵地——湖滨公社批斗。

这时我三女儿光平因舍不得五角钱车费而坐拖拉机到一中读书时，在半路上翻车重伤住院治疗。我只被批准去安置好就得回班，不得尽父亲之责而感内疚。在治疗中全靠其母照顾。

到七月高中毕业就得上山下乡在兰兜村插队，全国大学都停课不招生。

到九月九日毛主席逝世，十月打倒“四人帮”，我又翻身起来主持泮洋公社工作，叶明澄他们又进学习班接受审查。

我和叶明澄的关系

我同叶明澄是亲家关系，小女送他为子。我们虽是亲戚，但观点却不同，长期以来谁也说服不了谁，且是各为派头人物。在一起工作难免有人说是“和平共处”。在那种特殊的年代，“共处”会被双方领导产生怀疑。在七七年清查“四人帮”人和事时，县委书记康通锏就找我个别谈话，说“怕你清查时心不狠，查不力，换个地方工作去”。于是调我到大甲公社主持工作，半年后才正式任命为党委书记、革委会主任，使用多年的“付”字才丢去。

塞翁失马——光容错失成为大学生的机会

这年尾正好地区罐头厂开办要招工，我赶紧把上山下乡多年的大女儿光容招进去。当时的想法是赶紧让她离开农村，能第一批招工是人家都求不得的事。谁知第二年开始招工农兵大学生了，而我这个很会念书的女儿却因为已经招工进城没资格考工农兵大学生。

这个决策改变了她一生的命运，至今还是个职工待遇，而比她差的人却是大学生。在80年代邓小平第三次复出的政策保护下，大小都当上一个官。在革命化、知识化、年轻化、专业化下，从花名册中去找大学生，担任各级领导，机会过了，真是命运的安排。

1976年十月粉碎江青、张春桥、王洪文、姚文元的“四人帮”后，各级开展大清查以江青和林彪为首的两个反革命集团有牵连的人和事。古田夺权派和全国夺权派一样做尽坏事，都与“四人帮”一样受审查，这一次他们彻底失败了。接着从中央到省地县都判了一批罪犯，宣布文化大革命至此结束了。

小结

毛主席发动的文革十年是错误的。在文革期间两派武斗，对老干部无情打击，残酷迫害许多人致死，造成了国民经济走到崩溃边缘，出现了江、林两个反革命集团，损失是无前例的。大家对毛主席的评价是：建国有功，建设有错，文革有过。但还是功大于过。

我这里记叙的是一个亲身经历的过程。古田人用古田话说文革是：“毛主席纪念章金又金，学生串连上北京，北京闹糟糟，手拿语录喊口号，口号喊其是打倒刘少奇，刘少奇尽毛干，分田做单干，单干尽真题（坏）古田城竹扛排上街（指农民进城武斗手持竹篙）”。

在大甲的工作经历

大甲，地处古田最边远的山区，人称是古田的“西伯利亚”。交通不便，讯息闭塞，自然条件极差，是高寒地带，有山不长草，有石不能垒，晴天一片旱，雨天暴洪冲，人们生活很苦，常年能吃上地瓜米就是富裕户。生产队分红值一天多在5－7角。

在这种落后地方工作，如何打开局面？我上任时，思想斗争得很复杂，很激烈，最后就“既来之，则安之”，决心干出点名堂，创出成绩来留下好名声。于是上任头几个月思想上摆脱派性干扰，清查等工作派原人马去干，自己带一两个能吃苦有理智的干部深入所辖地所有山村、小厂、村队摸透情况和群众所想。

经过深入调查、细致分析，掌握了许多第一手材料，为今后决策提供了依据，不打无准备之仗。特别在用人上，排除派系干扰，大胆使用有用人才，把能办事、群众拥护的人团结、使用起来。

后来上级明确提出：除少数打砸抢分子外，应当团结起来的原则。我把只能喊口号的，见风驶舵的，派系起家又迷住心窍的人逐步靠边站。接着把夺权派的骨干，被审查后下放来叫我管的周道纯之妻谢福美，当过付县长的傅云裕，都逐个找他们谈心，了解思想，积极帮助他们解决一些问题和困难。如谢福美夫妇长期审查后，女儿疯了，傅云裕长期离家，家在仙游无消息，我都准他请假回去安歇好，回来后，他们积极投入工作。

我这么做是要承担风险的，但我想让更多人看到现在是发展生产、解决吃饭用钱的时候了，不能再打内战，消耗力量；掌权是掌人心，人心齐泰山移……。

大甲的落后，我举几个例子便可说明。

在一次下乡到国本村时，亲眼看见一个妇女拿几个鸡蛋向供销社职工换盐吃。到农民家里看穷的人桌面上只有地瓜米饭，喝茶水当菜。

听该村人讲一个历史上的故事，大意是：有一户农家，来了亲戚，母亲向别人借来半升白米煮成饭给客人吃，客人吃完后丢下一粒饭，两个小兄弟为抢着吃一粒饭而打起架来。后来母亲把一粒饭分成两半，每人一半才解决问题。

另一个事是国家贷款不敢用，而是将回销粮、平价化肥拿出部分来卖高价得的钱再买剩下的粮食和化肥生产队用，这办法他们叫做“用锄头柄锯来在钻锄头”。

有一个青年说他母亲病无钱医，跑来找我，跟跑了二天，后来和我一起下乡的干部批给他救济五元，就够了，我从身上给了五元，他大感恩德不尽……

经过一冬天深入了解，第二年春节过后，我召开一个生产队长以上干部大会，用具体事例说服大家再大力发展生产，动员他们用货款具体算一笔帐：用国家提供的低息贷款购买平价化肥，每担化肥能增产多少斤粮食，卖高价能得到多少钱。

通过算帐他们清醒了。我们大胆根据大甲缺水特点，提出修水利水库解决因旱而轮作，提出修公路、拖拉机路，解决交通不便；提出造村封山，修水电站等等措施，并逐步付以实施。经过一年努力，粮食明显增产，人民得到利益。

第三年我亲自到前桃大队搞三包到组，把一个生产队再分成若干户人的组来生产。这一年贫困脱了一大半。县委在大甲召开现场会，可惜领导人怕，只默认不敢推广。

年尾中央来文件把联产承包责任制以户为单位推广开，同时又把森山分到户管理。农民喊“主席胡跃帮，分田又分山”时，县里的领导说，苏渭忠还是有点远见，提早一年搞开了。我说，50年代我搞过包产到户，受过批判，但实践证明，能解决农民贫富问题，还必须走这路，我们落后地方何不让农民当家自主呢？

在大甲前后五年时间，除了年年增产增收外，还带领组织他们修了大甲至林场、毗原溪13公里一条公路，这是我两次跑地区，找林业局长要来五万元资金修的路。大甲至茶洋、至林峰10公里是靠农民做义务工开采出来的。在咳岭地方修了一个150千瓦水力发电厂，每年能收电费20余万元，解决了治路五个大队用电问题。农民说：“有了电真方便”。

在柏洋修一个二型水库解决大甲村一大片旱地。

总之，成绩出来了。但人瘦了，病来了，得了一个胆结石症。

1978年越南侵占我边境，邓小平一声令下，十多天时间解放军打进河内，中国又主动撤兵，狠狠教训一下侵略者。中国人出了气。这年冬天我长子光斌17岁就参军走了。

1978年，邓小平做为中国总设计师，提出了解放思想，开始大搞改革开放，使国家进入一个新阶段，我们的工作也进入一个新转折点。

在平湖党委和家乡人民的支持下，我把平湖街老家后门山建起一座土木结构的房屋，解决了二代人无房居住的问题。粉碎“四人帮”后，在相隔20年没有增加工资的情况下，开始全国性调资了。第三年又调升，这两次我调升三级达到行政19级，物价稳定，能积累一些钱，再加上大的二个女儿做工，民办也积累点钱。由于文革期间吃尽苦头，所以夫妇决定勒紧裤带，省吃简用，也要回老家盖个房子住。在一年时间内，花了三、五千钱，把房子盖起来了。接着光容、光平相隔一年先后在新房子结婚出阁。

（九）改革开放，银行工作十一年

1983年6月15日，由省人民银行任命我为古田县人民银行行长。从此，结束了长达31年的农村基层工作和生活。

我到银行工作正值改革开放初期。农村普遍实行联产承包，城市工业、商业、企业正在酝酿着“包”字进城。许多工作不能按原规矩办事，新制度又没建立，用邓小平讲的话，叫“摸着石头过河”。、

在去报到时，公社书记是地管干部，要先到地委组织部去办手续，再到地区人行报到。那天很隆重，地区人行再加四位正付行长，人事科长到会接见，介绍工作特性，交代任务。晚上还设宴接风。

银行是国家经济主要命脉和社会经济的晴雨表。理应文雅、宁静、文明、舒适。由于文革十年动乱留下的派性余毒没有肃清，这个地处十字街，全城中心闹市的地段办公楼内非常不文明，不宁静。行内派性斗争还很激烈，无团结可言。老行长退休了，付行长是造反派头目，没本事抓工作，只能喊口号，搞打砸抢用。职工情绪低落，互相猜忌，工作时大家板着脸孔，互不相问，下班了就即刻回家。人与人之间对立，没一点人情味。

同时，和农业银行因地皮打官司，关系紧张。办公楼是移民时“放卫星”（即吹牛）盖起来的，属危楼，省行拨款来改建，拆了楼顶一层，停工大半年拆不下来。在省行人印象里，“古田人有钱也办不好事”，准备收回拨款。

我上任时没房子住，但行内有人占二、三间，空着也让不出来。我只好私人向农行借一间旧房住，吃在县政府招待所，小儿子光禧考上古田一中，读高中，随我同住吃一起。在这样的局面下，难怪省、地行领导向地委要求派干部来当行长。银行是垂直领导，不得已时才会向地方要人，因而选中我来上任。

根据上级部署，首要任务是建一个有力的班子，迅速开展业务，把办公楼建设好。经过一段实践，选择了一个50年代从长春银行学校毕业来的外地人吴兰亭当付行长，把造反派调离，把中层干部做了调整，该留的该去的都不讲情面。接着在全行开展深入细致的整顿教育，把派系的危害批臭，肃清影响，把广大职工团结起来。当领导的一碗水端平，靠自己带头，用实际行动影响大家。职工们也知道全国大气候都变了，再闹派系没有出路，经过半年努力，局面逐步打开。但还是存在个别顽固的人，借着丈夫在县里当官的势力，不买我的帐。

12月31日，照例要在夜里进行查库任务，会计和出纳两个股长闹矛盾，搞个人斗争很激烈，不给我配合。在动员无效后，我连夜十二点半电告地委值班室把中支行长金建栋惊醒，在他支持下，狠批了这两个妇女官太太才执行，在租用三角店糖烟酒楼上办公地点，在行务会上，她俩又因私事闹起来，并砸坏电话机，使会议开不下去。这时我不是“救火”而是狠狠批评她们不如农村妇女水平，严肃叫她们写书面检讨。

第二天到她们丈夫处告诉他妻子的缺点，要求配合教育，这样做收到了很好的效果。

我是因为命不好，在局科级位上干了几十年，资格不比你丈夫老。随着杀鸡儆猴，敢抓敢管，工作基本上了轨道。

在银行十一年间，工作有成绩，各方面都有建树：各项存款增长4.2倍，各项贷款增长2.86倍，实现利润人均12万元，十一年间购置储蓄网点5个，办公楼1座，职工宿舍2座，建筑面积达7000多平方米，投资165万元，使职工办公生活条件大为改观，行内外许多单位刮目相看，资金由借差变存差。在88年和93年两次出现金融危机中，古田支行除能保证安全开门，应付支付外，还能把现金借给中支和兄弟行，在地省领导中，古田行是重点行处地位，开会发言都居先，连座位都排在前面。

十一年间分出保险公司，人民银行两大机构，培养了五名副科级干部，输送十多名职工上大学，扩招了十多名大、中专学生，使业务骨干不断更新，人才素质不断提高，为上级输送了多名人才。十一年不出任何案件，会计股被总行评为先进单位，我也被省行评为先进金融工作者和中国金融工会先进工作者，并晋升奖励工资一级，工改前我是行政十六级干部。省行分管人事的副行长李振坦来我行找我谈话，要提拔我到地区分行任纪检组长，享受副处级待遇，但我觉得年将老，还有一子一女工作没解决好，在古田人熟好办事，到地区又要夫妻子女分居，省行还答应帮我解决儿子的事，经过再三考虑，还是留古田退休。

在古田大儿子光斌复原退伍安排政府办开车，被我调入县保险公司工作，小儿子光禧毕业分配在建行黄田办工作，被我调回工行，在地区行工作，小女玲仔被我要来一个名额在县工行工作，本来还想将大媳妇也安排到行，但不可能了，只能安排药厂。我本想把光平调南平分行工作，她自己不去只好作罢。子女们都有一份工作，都有一口饭吃，比自己升处级重要的多啊。

1984年中央决定成立工商银行。原本人民银行和工商银行在省以下是一套人马两块牌子，真正分家是在1986年，是分批建立的。由于地区分行长本位，没有让我到人行，被留在工行工作。

由于国家处于大改革时期，企业原来是吃财政大锅饭，后来变吃银行大锅饭，接着又被推向市场，造成许多企业不适应。设备落后，产品滞销，负债累累，步履艰难，亏损－关闭－破产，银行背上了沉重包袱。

地方政府本位主义，纷纷出台为企业逃债行为，造成国家利益与地方利益矛盾日益突出，最后通过官司来解决债务，但银行胜诉了，资金也损失了。

这十一年间，我因债权关系同县长，同中国科学院院长打过官司，顶住压力获得胜诉，并拿回资金和利息，也有做出让步让利。

十一年间，经历全国两次金融危期，1988年通货膨胀，货币贬值，百姓纷纷从存款中提取现金求保值，而持币待购，三个月中，我存款下降三分之二，现金紧缺，连应付开门都很困难，最难的一天只有9000货币现金了。被逼无奈，我跑到福州找兴业银行丛年科行长求助。他同我在文革时下放在杉洋公社，是患难之交，他支持我现金200万。我冒着风险用专车从福州拉回来，并特意在十字街门口卸车，让百姓看到银行很多钱，不必紧张挤兑，反而把前面挤兑出来未用的钱又回到银行来。

我这一手很厉害，连地区行都感到吃惊，后来由地区出面，向我拆借，支持霞浦县解决困难。大家感到苏渭忠有一套过硬功夫，为解决危期立了一功。

1993年又是一次危期，这次不同的是，不是百姓挤兑、持币、保值，而是金融内部混乱，把钱乱拆借出去，大部分借给房地产公司，造成炒地皮，炒房产热，而许多房屋闲置，银行资金收不回来，中国出现泡沫经济，这时候国务院下令换了人行行长李贵鲜，由副总理朱镕基兼任，并限令限期收回。全国因无法收回被撤职的二级分行行长达五十多人。

金融对经济影响大，搞好了促进发展，否则会造成破坏，比别的厉害的多。造成两次危机都与中央政策有关。

十一年间，社会很不平静。全国出现抢劫银行案件和银行内外勾结作案的案件呈上升趋势，给银行造成很大威胁。当时银行并无先进防范措施，全靠人们素质和意志来办。在这风险当头的时候，我积累了一套成功的防范办法，使十一年来没有发生一起案件，一分资金和伤亡半个职工，能做到这一点是很难能可贵的。

十一年间，要说不足之处，就是看错了用错了两个副行长，他们是我手上提拔的，但恩将仇报，狗咬拉便人就是他们，他们共同点是钻有文凭之机，阿谀奉承。用尽吹牛拍马之力，讲尽好话，用对工作也肯卖力做出点成绩来装门面做资产，一旦上台又寻找机会往上爬，当面讲人话，背后讲鬼话，两面三刀，阴险狠毒，确是林彪合格接班人，很会搞突然袭击。这些人过去有，现在有，将来还会有。好心的人们千万要警惕啊。

其有效办法是观其行。世界上是毛主席最早提出解决接班人问题，但这个伟人却在接班人问题上翻了船，从刘少奇，林彪，王洪文，华国峰逐个失败。从近年看，好像叶利钦选普京为接班人是成功的。

有野心的人都没有好下场。我提的两位副行长虽然狡猾多变，但七、八年间没有捞上正职，原地不动又下来。她们虽然混上正职，但短命只干三年下台，后来大家都能看透这些人本质，但毕竟让她们捞了好处。

1993年小儿子光禧结婚成家立业。

1994年三月，在为人民服务奋斗拼搏四十三年后光荣退休，单位分一套住房居住，上级行送一架电话机为纪念品，一生心血养活子女，两袖清风，比起前辈为革命牺牲的人幸福多了。

近半个世纪的革命生涯，是人生最精华时期，贡献给革命是为共和国建基创业。五十年中经历了风风雨雨，尝尽了人间酸甜苦辣，经受了各种考验，无愧于对党对人民的忠诚，这是盖棺前的定论，留给子孙们的话：“勤勤恳恳工作，清清白白做人”。

退休时按规定1952年前参加工作的按百分之百发给退休金。

（十）幸福度晚年

退休前我有一定思想准备，退休后没有失落感。朋友讲老苏退休后身体更风采。是的，我退休后有个宗旨，概括起来叫做一个中心，两个基本点，三个忘记，四个不参与。这就是以身心健康为中心，活得开拓一点，潇洒一点，忘记过去一切恩恩怨怨，忘记一切权力职务的甜头，忘记年龄，不参与麻将赌博，不参与不健康娱乐色情嫖娼，不参与伪科学封建迷信，不参与违纪违法。做到力所能及，有益于后代。

刚退休时间不知道怎么安排，都在闲中过。与十字街中心许多人闲谈聊天，这也有好处，一可以交流感情，二可以宣传党的政策，三可以发挥金融有关知识给人讲解，四可以碰见乡下熟人老朋友等。

1994、95年国内有通货膨胀，物价上升，几年后又出现通货紧缩，许多人不知其理。这期间关于降息和贬值的利弊，何为炒股，借贷多少算合理等等，我都尽力宣传。当然老年人在闲谈中特别反对官员腐败和社会丑恶现象，这时我要提醒大家不必过多看负面，不要丧失信心，降低士气，多辩证看，看主流看本质。做为一名共产党员随时都要维护党的利益。

退休后我过上了幸福的晚年生活。

幸福在那里？

第一，有一个贤惠同甘共苦几十年的妻子——老来伴。妻子曾淑莺是个贤妻良母，同我结婚建立起家庭后，她没有过上好日子，我在外工作顾不上家庭，一心扑在工作上，家庭的安排全靠她，养育子女，管理田园，里里外外全由她做。由于过去革命运动多，干部受罪，家属也受气，好日子没过上，甜头不多，苦头不少。工资低，花销大，又没外块，她拿到我寄回的钱就先买米、油和供应的鱼肉，柴、菜、水不花钱，靠小孩做。孩子长大很懂事，从不向父母要零花钱，拾稻穗、砍柴火、采茶叶，一空就干，挣来钱补贴家庭。在文革中十年动乱他们也提心吊胆过日子，我能革命到底为人民贡献一生，有她母子一半功劳。现在她也有一份退休金，每月300多元全归她支配，零花钱，人情钱，旅游钱，日常生活则由我开支，以示对她安慰。

第二，有一个子孙满堂的家。我夫妇奋斗一生心血集中在儿孙们身上。六个子女他们都有一份职业，都建立起家庭，都抚养一个独生子。老大、老二、老三，三个孙女孙子都进大学，最小的孙子也上小学。在本地、外地各有三个家。一年常轮流去看看玩玩。二个女婿是局、处级干部，一个小子是正局级。看到“长江后浪推前浪，世上新人超旧人”，心中好宽慰。子孙都有孝心。我们家没有文字的家规是：自立门户、经济自支、节日团聚、困难相帮。我的住房是大家集中点，逢年过节都来闹闹，有时缺席的没来吃，反而心里还觉得不好受。

第三，有足够的退休养老金。每月有1300多元，医保费58元，不愁吃和穿，不需要子女供养。早涝保收，不怕老来穷。过去因国家穷，每月工资低，大部分为国家积累搞建设，以致在文革前后20年没提升一次工资。但是从2000年起，银行被改为企业，退休人员因此也不享受行政事业人员待遇。这一改，把我们命运改变了，权利也剥夺了。近三年来（1999年—2001年）朱镕基当总理，给行政、事业人员大增工资，每人平均增4—5百元，这是很不合理的。

第四，有一个安息场所。单位房改购一套百平方米住房，花三万元，有土地证、房产证，地处十字街繁华地段，华而不吵，生活方便。此外，孩子们也都有一个住所，只是条件不同而已。吃住不愁，怎么不幸福呢？

归根到底，没有共产党就没有我一家，没有毛主席，我们还在水深火热的黑暗中挣扎。从现在看，没有当年出来工作，就没有子孙们现在幸福生活。

尾声 生命不息 奋斗不止

退休后身体尚可以，就应发挥余热。

1996年住房改革要求我交2.8万元货款，但我一生积累只有2.6万元存款，不够交。新来的行长看我有困难，叫我也贷一点款。我说我去贷款会被人笑的。后来向子女借几千元补上。从此事让我思想紧张，今后没有病本了，怎么办？子女再好，远水解不了近火。

到1997年，我姐夫同我三弟一起在顺昌做红曲生意多年，因技术设备都落后，竞争不过人家，此时他们有意改在玉元购买，于是叫我参加。这一年我到东北、华北跑了半个天下，扩大了客户经营的门道。

从1998年起，我正式合股经营。每年负责购买、包装、运输、收款、筹资等。有时也忙到半夜还在运输路上，办一批忙几天，风雨无阻，业务量逐年扩大。采取以质取胜，薄利多销，服务周到，价格合理，与人竞争，争夺市场。到现在为止，每年分红数与退休金差不多，这作为病本是手中存物，心中不慌了。

这几年在商海中拼搏也学了不少知识。人真的要活到老学到老。现在社会没有钱根本不行，没钱就会看你死，没钱就要当乞丐，没钱就寸步难行呀！在商海中也有许多不同看法，但毕竟是自家兄弟可以互相谅解，更主要的是，我们不是以营利挣大钱为目的，是能挣多少就多少，不要有贪心。这样心里就会平衡。

退休后聘任和授予：

1996年县人行聘为廉政监督员。

1998年——2000年省工行授予“老有所为”先进代表。

2002年工行聘为社会服务质量义务监督员。

这本回忆录到此就算结束了。

2000年

附一、履历表

时间 任职（学习）

1942.9－1945.7

(8-10岁)半舫小学，平湖中心小学念书（1-3年级）

1945.8－1947.

(11-12岁)在家砍柴出卖，扛船头担（搬运工）

1947.10－1952.4

玉元村养牛种田

1952.5－1956.7

平湖区（二区）青年团干事、区团委村书记

1956.8－1958.9

中共第四区（横洋区）区委副书记

1958.9－1961.3

大桥公社社长

1961.5－1962.8

古田县国营丝绸厂党支部书记

1962.8－1963.2

古田县移民委员会宣传科长

1963.3－1964.9

古田县委农村工作队驻鹤塘队长

1964.10－1968.12

鹤塘公社副社长（64.10—66.12省社教工作团队长）

1969.1－1972.12

下放杉洋公社干部（66.5—76.10是十年“文革”时间）

1973.1－1975.5

泮洋公社干部

1975.6－1977.10

中共泮洋公社副书记、革委会副主任（主持工作）

1977.11－1983.5

中共大甲公社副书记、书记、革委会副主任、主任

1983.6－1986.5

中国人民银行古田支行行长、党支部书记

1986.5－1994.3

中国工商银行古田支行行长、党支部书记，84—86年间是两块牌子一套人马

1994

退休

1950.11－12

南平专署干校学习

1954.3－6

福建省团校学习

1979.10－11

宁德地委党校学习（福安市）

1981.4－6

宁德地委党校学习（福安市）

附二、家庭繁养表

附三、澳洲之行

我夫妇俩应儿子光斌、孙子苏晨的邀请予2006年9月8日至12月30日在悉尼市探亲访友参观旅游体验了4个月的资本主义社会生活。对于我这个生在旧中国，长在红旗下，又经历过为建设新中国而奋斗了四十三年政治生涯后退休52年党龄的老共产党员来讲此行增长了很多见识，体会比较深刻，对两种不同的社会制度就有了比较，鉴别她们的优劣。实在难能可贵。

我们住在悉尼市中心内西区的三门休利务铺路（SUMMER HILL LIVERPOOL RD）到市中心的乔治大街、中国城的唐人街等最繁华地段只需十五分钟的车程，住西南面人称“小上海”的艾士菲街步行只需15分钟。

这一片亚洲人的面孔较多尤其是上海、广东人多。走三分钟即到一个很大的公园。每天早晨来此锻炼结识了许多老华侨和洋人。艾士菲，三门休相距各十多分钟都有火车站，交通方便。我们参观过许多有名的地方，如悉尼市达令港、中国城、唐人街、悉尼歌剧院，跨海大铁桥、情人港、曼莉海滩、皇家公园、植物园、大赌场（俱乐部）海上游艇，参加过孙子苏晨毕业典礼大会。同光斌的老伙计李莉夫妇（北京人曾任过联合国雇员）及15个同事共进晚宴，走访过古田人林长城父子一家，游艳霞史蒂文夫妇，江启泉，兰红卫及天津人崔宝坤一家，福州人林敦志等许多老华侨，专程到过首都坎培拉，昆士兰省布里斯本市的世界旅游名点——黄金海岸。参加过儿子的一天劳动和一天住房环境，花木草修剪培土。因而接触面广，见识也多，体会深刻。

澳大利亚四面环海是南太平洋一个较大岛国。是一个比较发达的资本主义国家，从英殖民地独立才105年，她由六个省组成，即纽省（悉尼市）、维省（墨尔本市）、昆省（布里斯本市）、塔省、西澳、柏斯。支柱经济靠农业（包括林木鱼）旅游业和矿业（黄金产量世界第二）全年没有台风、水灾、海啸、地震有干旱和山林火灾，人和自然很和谐。

悉尼市是澳大利亚最繁华最大港口城市，人口有400多万，占全国人口1/5。她背山面海围绕着海湾边上建筑立市，早在1850年前就有华人来开发金矿，做生意，现在叫中国城达令港就是老华侨的立足地，经过百来年的发展成为规模好大繁华地段。世界有名的悉尼大学，科技大学，新南威尔士大学设在境内，是世界许多学子向往的学府。军港、商务港林立，国际国内机场连片，是世界有名的旅游胜地，也是世界各国移民的首选之地。

首都坎培拉，是一个人口不足30万的新市，多为政府机关，居民不多。据说，当年悉尼和墨尔本市为争建首都争论不休时采取折中办法而建设在两市之中间点，坎培拉名字是当地土族人叫的，说当官员为建首都走到两市近中心点时才见到这个乡村，官员问土族人“这叫什么地方”答：坎培拉。——土族语“不知道”的意思，从此即成首都。现在全街道上的建筑物左边按悉尼，右边按墨尔本的不同风格而建。商业不繁华，政府官员上下班多用飞机接送，从悉尼到首都有320多公里的五号高速路小车行驶三小时，见到乡村不多，有牧场放养牛马羊，见过一二个棚菜场，没见水田农场，河流湖泊很少，有些是山涧小河，森林很多，山不高海拔最高在1—2百米的丘陵地，如果不是车流量大，还会感到寂寞，有人开玩笑说，早晨用机关枪扫射半个小时，绝对打不到一个人。

每年9-10月都会办一次花展，都是各国名花，其中英国、日本、荷兰较多，中国只有兰花和水仙花。我去时是十月一日，也是澳洲假日——劳动节，参观人多，想找个停车场很难。吃午餐在排长队等半个多小时。我们一行五人参观国会大厦时，她的建筑面积不如北京大会堂，但装修漂亮，栏杆阶梯、扶手、柱子全是汉白玉装饰，二楼挂着历代英女皇和澳洲总理画像让人纪念，三楼东西两头是众、参两院会议厅，观众可以坐在旁听席上旁听议员的表演，我们当过半小时听众。顶楼可视全市景观。门口有大广场和水池，地下室可停几百辆车场。随后到使馆区参观各国大使馆，我们在中国使馆门前拍照留念,由于时间紧，下午六时才离开回家在悉尼“溪目式”街韩国人酒店为光斌过生日。

黄金海岸是世界旅游地。我们一行10月15-17日从悉尼坐飞机经1小时10分钟到达。住在一家美国人办的旅馆――家庭式套房，三间房二厅二卫二阳台洗衣房等，设备齐全拎包即住。有图书室，小商场、游泳池、温泉池、桑拿按摩室和自制洋餐——巴比丘（Barbecue）灶，将牛肉切成薄片放在铁板上烤熟，然后放上酱油，夹在面包里吃——香脆美味。有地下停车场，我们自己购物煮吃、实现中西合餐。我们租用六人乘坐中轿车跑三天，第一地名叫“海洋世界”门票每人63澳元，看的全是水上游戏，有人和动物——海豚、海狮、北极熊表演，有冲浪等，它适合儿童玩的多。第二地名是名叫“电影世界”，是美国好莱坞老板办电影拍摄城，有各种各式新老街道，店铺，旧式船、车工具，演员们化装为动画片中的蝙蝠侠各式人物。他们为观众表演一场规模较大的警察抓坏人，动作很逼真，动用过直升飞机轰炸，汽车追捕燃烧，人从四楼高上跳下逃生等惊险动作，看过身临其境的立体电影，如下雨时观众头上真有雨，地震时屁股上会震动，最后是名演员，歌唱家、演员沿主街来回视展风采和观众拍照留念，门票也是63澳元，但都没有园中园票。第三地是“冲浪世界”，在市中心区内看海面上人山人海大男小女老幼们冲浪。在返回路上，我们又参观一处赌场，规模不如悉尼，但生意兴隆，赌徒多为各国旅游者，女人比男人多，亚洲面孔比白、黑人多。据说只要你背着钱进去吃喝嫖赌和看戏都有人接待。据说赌输了老板还可发路费给你回家。在澳洲赌、嫖、吸毒是合法的。政府只管收税。

综观所看，我对澳洲印象有一大二小三多四通五好六活的概括。

所谓“一大”，国土面积很大，有700多万平方公里，占中国面积的80%，就悉尼而言它长190公里宽80多公里。

“二小”，一是人口太少，06年6月才2050万，不及福建2/3。土族人更少，只有16万，二是河流湖泊少。悉尼市只见过流生活污水用的两条河，所以她缺水易旱。

“三多”，多民族：世界各国人都有，人称她是联和国；多文化：各种文化都有在；多信仰：信仰什么东西的都有，特别是基都教、天主教、法轮功也很活跃，他们都有各自信仰的报纸。老华侨们说还有三多是胖子多、苍蝇多（兰山特多）、蟑螂多。

“四通”（八达）公路像蜘蛛网一样，纵横交错，排列井齐有序，房屋周边上下左右都有车路可行车没有不通车的房屋，一般公路都是二三车并行的道，跨海大铁桥头有单向十道并行的。路面很好多为沥青没有坑坑洼洼，凹凸不平。白线痕清楚明显。没有警察指挥全凭红绿灯各行其道。悉尼市内有1-5号高速路通往各地。

铁路，市内有电气火车从东往西共六条轨道可同行上下六例火车，其中分快慢长短途，每条列车拖6-8节车箱，坐位可向前后两向使用，人总是朝前方看的，大约10分钟左右就有一列车经过。票价实行平时与旺时两种价格，上下班（早8-9时，晚4-6时）较高。车站距离很近，每隔三、五分钟就停靠，多为无人售票口，出站也由电子检票，想白坐车是不行的。火车大巴都有残疾人通道。周六公休日多为各段抢修轨道，此时都用大巴代替接送客到下站下车票价一样，到地有扩音报点，设施很先进，噪音不大。

轮船，由于城市都靠海边海湾建设所以码头很多，大小航艇满海尽是。随便从那个码头上到目的地下都可以，海上运输，游览也繁忙。

飞机，悉尼通往国际航班很多，机场很大。我初算一下，每日飞上海、广州、北京各有2班，日韩港等有9班。国内机场紧靠国际连成一大片，通省会及大城市，旅游景点都有飞机，据说直升飞机和小型机是政府官员和老板们上下班的工具。在旅游点都有飞机巡逻侦察，好天的每日早上还有直升机在蓝天上濆白云绘成英文字母的符号，让人观看。在澳洲各种交通票价都不贵。如：去黄金海岸坐一小时10分飞机才70澳元。

五个好：

1、气候好，年平均在28度，风大，空气新鲜。天是蓝的。地是绿的。特别是雨后感觉特别清爽。

2、卫生好，没污染噪音，不随地吐痰，不乱丢东西，场上、地上、路上不见有灰尘，穿几个月皮鞋不用擦。垃圾放在分黑、黄、绿三种回收箱里，每天有专人清理。房前屋后花树草枯黄或有人乱堆放杂物就有专人发通知叫你清理或重新栽种花草。

3、文明礼貌好，洋人不论男女见到你都会打招呼说声“哈罗”（Hello）或“莫妮”（Morning）走路你捎有让他时，他就“生丘”（Thank you），做事都自觉排队不争先恐后。

4、公共设施好，公共厕所全是坐或马桶，备有手纸。小便处用不锈钢便槽放水冲刷和卫生球不臭，便后有水和汤清洁考干电炉和擦手用纸，有专人清理卫生和管理。公园内各种适合老中青幼妇活动的工具齐全，有专人管理护花喷水松土吹尘拾纸片垃圾。巴士站有防雨晒棚坐椅，车门有特制适合残疾人的通道。教堂、会堂、舞厅内备有牛奶咖啡果汁饼干面包让你吃喝，有时还供午餐，全是免费的。在海边沙滩有人冲浪地带上有直升飞机巡逻。下有观察哨勘测以防浸水和沙鱼侵犯，岸边有淡水冲洗，人们超出警戒线后会发出通知警告。电话亭，所有公共坐椅都整齐排列，没有人会去破坏。

5、社会福利好，政府鼓励生孩子，每生一个补助澳币4000元，进托儿所幼儿园直至高中全是义务教育还有补助，读大学才交费，但可以贷款四年要交7-8万元免息。毕业后年薪不达三万元免收贷款，失业有失业金吃，政府帮培训找工作，有收入才免发。65岁以上老年人每周可以享受政府发的退休金，按不同对象分别150-300多元生活费，住房有困难者政府可提供低租金房居住直到死亡后收回。看病全部免费，门诊吃药不论多少一次只缴4.7元，住院连救护车、伙食费所有一切都不交钱，治好了就走人，每年还定期检查眼、耳，免费配镜、耳机使用。年轻人吃药比例多一些。出门只要2.5元车费乘车船24小时有效，除飞机外都可乘坐。残疾人和一些不三不四人都有专门机构管理，每个街市（区域）设有救助站，每日三餐免费供吃，所以街上、居民区根本看不到有乞丐。有专门精神病院和老人院，只要你愿意都可以免费居住。真是天堂生活，使每人免除后顾之忧和天灾人祸之害。

六衣食住行学和乐

衣着较普通，不穿什么名牌，大多数男女都是一般衣裤，穿得干净卫生，女人多烫发发抹口红胭脂带项链手镯耳环，穿裙子多，男人穿短裤，运动靴多，可以说穿戴着很开心。

食，洋人少吃不吃大米饭，都吃叫什么“皮萨”（Pizza）、“巴比丘”，面包奶肉蛋菜果汁类东西多，很卫生，艾士菲有一家上海人鲜肉店被人告发有喷防腐剂，被查后就关门受罚，使其倾家荡产，倒闭才罢休。因而谁也不敢售假劣有害物品，所以吃的放心。

住，房子都在树林中，房前屋后花草林木鸟语花香环境优美。房屋以一、二层的居多，悉尼市中心才有高楼大厦。室内设很好除卧室厨房外，有客厅、书房、卫生间、洗澡房洗衣房，光线明亮，电气电视电话宽带；车库全有，有的还有游泳池。地面多为地毡或木板，门前屋后都有空地用铁木砖做围墙，有人养狗猫看屋。一般150平方左右房子价在30-35万元，一般年收入5万元者6-7年可买房，但中国没有15-20年不行。由于房产不很景气，房租不够还利息，很多人租房住，但租金较贵，可以说住的称心。

行，每户平均有二辆小车，自行车摩托车均为锻炼身体用的，停车场较多但假日较紧张，在大超市边有专门停车场，从地下至五六层均为停车场。有些人假日外出，近路不开自己车宁愿走十多分坐火车或的士都很方便，因为停车很麻烦。

学，政府重视教育，没有该读书的人有失学，留学生表现好的就会动员你移民，除大学外还有托福即高等专职学院培训技术人材，他们重视实践学以致用，移民每人可免费学习520小时的英语（有夜校）现在社会缺少的工种有律师、会计师、医生、护士、电工、美发美容师、厨师、煎饼师，每年457类移民不少。

乐，每周五天工作，每天8小时，全年除法定假日外，还有行业公假，大多数人去旅游，听歌跳舞，上馆子，赌钱、嫖妓吸毒不犯法，在中国是三大毒瘤，但人家都在市场上持证经营管得着，而我们都在地下没有管，社会治安好，没打斗殴，小偷小摸很少，玩的开心活着顺心。

资本主义社会能够如此发达，最根本的是国家三权鼎立的管理制度，决策者，抗议者，抗法者（编者按：此处应为立法者、行政者、司法者）互相制约，一旦空子被反对党抓着，你就不好执政了。我交一个河南省审计厅姓楚妻姓赵夫妇来探亲的，他讲他儿子留学打工中一个故事，一天卖香烟的人不交钱就直了，老板罚他赔偿，从工资中扣200元。小子不服上告，法院传票一来，老板害怕自愿出2000元赔偿他投诉。在他社会里名声，诚信，法律是首位，一旦毁约一生难存。而我们总理帮农民工讨工资多少年，仍是无法制止，连干部工资都可以随意拖欠，他们每周五下午工资一律到户。谁也不敢欠偷漏税，守法是首位，干点违法事很可耻。我们何时能实现？

Memoirs of Su Weizhong
Foreword

This book is a true portrayal of my life experience and records my political career for more than half a century. Due to the limited level of education and writing ability, I can only use the method of keeping a journal to recall each year. Everything in the book is true except for individual names.

The purpose of writing this memoir is to leave it to future generations as a commemoration. If it is valuable as spiritual wealth, and encourages children to move forward and spur themselves, it will be even more valuable.

Su Weizhong

May 2003

(1) Tragic childhood

My origin and family

I in the year 1934 (23 years), Lunar Awake early Xushi day of the second half born in Pinghu Town, Dong Fang ancestral village first earth called “Qi book earners” house [1] years, belongs to a poor Farmer’s family. According to the family tree, I belong to the middle class. The fortune-teller said that I was short of water in my life, and my grandfather named me Weizhong, and adding three points of water was “wei” of “Wei Shui”(Wei River).

My family has grandfather Su Ruwen, Jindong, and grandmother Zhou. His father Su Xiaoshun and his mother Wang Yujiao are child-laws. There is a four-year-old elder sister named Feng Yi; when I was four years old, my parents gave birth to a second brother named Xi Zhong; another four years later, I gave birth to a third brother. In the famous camp, the poor family Ding thrived. Because I am the eldest grandson, my grandparents love me like a pearl on my palm, and put all my hopes on me. I have a good life and focus on nurturing. I hope to have a good future, get rid of poverty, stand out, and win the light.

When I was eight years old, my grandfather married a woman named Huang who was much older than me to serve as a child-law. His grandfather wanted him, and he did a great job for me. It’s a pity that the grandfather died within three years, she thought my family was poor, and the man was young, so she left with others. Later I heard that he died of dystocia. She is also a bitter man.

Birthplace

Banfang Village (半舫村), also known as Wangcuo, includes the back of the ancestral hall, Shanglu, Yangzhongcuo, Shancuocuo. Yili Road from Pinghu Street downtown. In April (1714) of the Kangxi Renchen year of the Qing Dynasty, Gong Yugong moved from the thirteen capitals to Xincuoyang, which is now moved to Baiyuan Village, Changqiao Town, Pingnan County. In the past three hundred years, there have been more than 1,100 descendants of the Su family, and there are hundreds of others overseas. The Chinese character is the tenth grandson. The descendants of the past generations were hardworking and frugal, and their economic development and living standards were slightly higher than those of the surrounding people. Therefore, they are called “Wang Cuo have good Feng Shui”. It is the education culture that has been valued throughout the ages, and it is willing to invest capital to train future generations, more talents, more officials, businessmen, and teachers abroad than other villages. But there are also rich people who suffer from natural disasters and man-made disasters due to poor management and management, and many bankrupts.

My grandparents and fathers

It is said that my grandfather’s grandfather, Zhao Jinggong, was very wealthy. He married a Li woman from Po Lingwei Village and had a large amount of dowry. The woman was afraid that she could not let it go. However, Zhao Jinggong went bankrupt before his generation because of the income from land rent.

His grandfather was devoted and upright throughout his life, dedicated to the development of public welfare undertakings and safeguarding the interests of the whole village. He worked as a store clerk in his middle age and was then elected as the “UNPROFOR Director” by the folks. During his tenure, he was open to the public and won the favor of the villagers.

My father is a half-crippled person. It is said that he suffered severe cramps and strokes when he was young, and he had no money to treat the sequelae left behind. He couldn’t do heavy physical work, his mind was not flexible, and his family was entirely supported by his grandfather.

There is also uncle Su Xiaojing in his family. When he was a youth, he went abroad to make a living. Uncle Su Xiaozhun, when he was young, worked as a worker in the family of Su Liumei in Jianou County, and died of dysentery. Both the uncle and his family were not married, so they were lost.

My grandmother passed away when I was 7 years old, and my grandfather died when I was 9 years old, at the age of 69. At the age of eleven, his 42-year-old father also passed away prematurely. The continuous natural and man-made disasters struck and the main beam collapsed, bringing the family on the verge of collapse. Except for the grandfather who left half of the old man’s hand to shelter from the wind and rain, without half of the countryside and assets, life is already a solar eclipse, and there is nowhere to go.

At the age of twelve, I could only go to the third grade of elementary school and then dropped out of school to go to Houyang (后洋村) Village’s uncle’s family to work to get some food. In the past six months, his family often lived under the Communist Party ’s underground staff Liu Jiesheng, Zuo Fengmei, Yang Lanzhen, and other northern Fujian leaders and county Zhou Daochun, Zheng Rongtang and other people activities. He was only in his twenties. They used my youth to often help them buy batteries, straw shoes, send messages to send information, guns, and ammunition.

Yang Lanzhen is my mother-in-law’s daughter-in-law. At that time, they wanted to send me to Yan’an to participate in the revolution. My mother-in-law refused to tell me that I was living in her house. I was introduced to an apprenticeship in a cloth shop in the county, but unfortunately I wasn’t the one who didn’t do it for more than ten days and went home again.

In August 1945, the Chinese people experienced the war of resistance against Japan and defeated the Japanese invaders. After Japan announced the unconditional surrender, the next year the Kuomintang government began to repair the Fuzhou-Shangrao road that was destroyed during the war of resistance. My father was sent to work as a migrant worker. In December, in Wudang Village, under Shita Mountain at 1,629 meters above sea level, due to famine and cold, unable to walk, he was frozen to death on the construction site due to heavy snow.

After getting the report, my big cousin took my 12-year-old child and walked seven or eighty miles to Wudang Village to bury it. The villagers saw me pitiful and donated my wooden board to make a coffin and help Buried in Shuitou Mountain. The Kuomintang government and the village did not subsidize a penny.

In December 1969, after more than 20 years, I was in the gap of the “Cultural Revolution” fighting, and I went to clean up the bones with my third brother. In 1974, I was buried with my mother on the Yangshuiwei Mountain in Luanlong Village. On Yangshan.

After the death of my father, the family of five lived on the mother who was wrapped in little feet. But my 15-year-old sister was out of the cabinet. I had to bear the burden of supporting my family. Every morning, I went to Duanxi Jiding Village to cut wood with other young people. I picked it to Pinghu Street in the afternoon to sell it. At four or five in the evening, I went to Xiwei to carry the bow and carry the materials returned from Gutian to the boss. Returning the salary of two kilograms of rice leads to the day of “difficulty in cutting wood for rice without half a cent of money on your body”. Once hungry and uncomfortable, I bought a piece of oyster cake with money for firewood. But I don’t know who whistled the news to my mother, and I was scolded when I went home at night. Later, I truthfully recruited my mother. The mother understood it, but she was helpless. Finally, the mother and son cried and cried. Since then, even if I starved to death, I would not eat another.

My mother is a woman with little feet. I want to take our three children. The oldest is only twelve years old. How can I survive this day? The brother-in-law, aunt, and mother-in-law are all very good and can give some relief, but as the saying goes, “ten rich families can’t save a poor family.” After desperately draining the mother and son’s tears, to survive, the mother remarried in tears and returned to the country after paying back the debt in exchange for the price. The second brother gave his son as his son, and the third brother and his mother gave his stepfather as his son. “Sui Niang”, turned to Yuyuan Village’s brother-in-law’s house.

Since then, the flesh and blood are separated, the family is broken, and a family disappears. This was a microcosm of society at the time, and this was the sad life of my childhood.

[1] Cuo: Tone: cuò, Fujian people call home or house as “Cuo”.

(2) The Communist Party is the liberator

Join the brother-in-law

When my grandfather and father died at the age of 13, my mother remarried and repaid her debts and couldn’t support me. My brother-in-law treated me like a brother and taught me to learn a full set of agricultural production tillage techniques, as well as ancestral techniques for making red koji. By the age of 15, the key technologies in agricultural production—plowing, raking, and sowing are all available. The first year was mainly for cattle raising and miscellaneous. In the second year, he would plow the fields and plant the land. You can plow Baidan fields in spring and earn five or seven dan meters. In summer, you can earn three or four dan meters in a bean garden. You can change your life.

Hungry teenage life

At the age of 14, I almost lost my life because of work.

That was before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, my countrymate Cheng Guohui and I were playing soil dung in the “Seven Set”. It is often said that “being a man in the field and beating the dung, and being a thief in the dagger” is very dusty and heavily polluted. Adults are reluctant to do it.

That day, he and I worked in the morning until about 1 pm, because we didn’t bring lunch, and we were very hungry. On the way home, I met Zheng Aidian’s “Aunt Guizhi” and rested in the “New Foot Pavilion”. She picked up Yangmei once and walked here from the village of “Three Heads”. When we saw that she was a half-footed woman, she helped her pick it, and she told us to eat bayberry.

Due to excessive hunger, he ate too much at once and broke his stomach. In a few days, the two of us began to get sick. Cheng Guohui would be fine for a few days, and I started to get cold first and then fever at about 2 pm every day. It took three to four hours to recover, but my hands and feet were still sore and my body was weak.

Because he had no money for treatment, he was ill until September. Still cold from time to time. I remember when I was cutting rice in the “big dry” when others picked the millet to go home, I crawled out of the straw pile, because when it was cold, I used straw as a quilt to keep warm. Finally, when it was dark, I had to pick Gu Zi home, and the next day I had to participate in labor.

Later, my aunt (my grandfather and sister) Su Saiyue was in danger of seeing life, so she asked me to live in her house and used the “maple bark” steamed egg soup every morning for treatment.

But the good times didn’t last long. When I was 15 years old, my mother told me to go to Huangbaikou Village to help her “learn the rice”. My poor mother remarried and had to do heavy physical work, so I went to help. Unexpectedly, after just three days of work, I became seriously ill and had a fever. My mother was afraid of being blamed by her mother-in-law and entrusted me with the landlord ’s family (a woman from Fuzhou, who came to Gutian to marry someone because of the Japanese invasion of her hometown). She was able to do powder business and saved me with green herbs.

Both of these serious illnesses almost cost their lives due to overwork and lack of money for treatment.

Despite years of hard work in Yuyuan, farming during the day and making music at night, no matter it is rainy or sunny, you have to do it every day. Although three or four years of labor, in addition to changing food, I only made two “Su Kai” cloth clothes, but he has trained one who is not afraid of death, not afraid of suffering, self-motivated, self-esteem, virtuous, loyal, human The hard-boiled man with poor aspirations came.

The Influence of Fighting for Gutian in the War of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party

On June 14, 1949, the Gutian people were liberated by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong. Since then, the dynasty has changed-the Kuomintang regime that has been in power for more than 30 years has collapsed, and Chiang Kai-shek and his son fled to Taiwan. The Communist Party took over the establishment of a new democratic regime in mainland China, and the people were reborn and turned into masters. My life has also entered a historical turning point …

Following the victory of the three major battles of Liaoshen, Pingjin, and Huaihai in 1949, Nanjing, Shanghai, and Zhejiang were also liberated one after another, and the Kuomintang soldiers were defeated, and it was too late to escape. The national liberation is unstoppable.

In early April, a large number of the Kuomintang Central Army (then known as the “national army”) went from Jiangxi, Zhejiang through Jian’ou, Nanping, and Pingnan to Pinghu to escape from Gutian to Fuzhou. The Second Field Army Liu (Bo Cheng) Deng (Xiaoping) Army was liberated to Jian’ou, Gutian County underground party guerrillas led a team of more than 100 people led by Zheng Rongtang and others to occupy Pinghu Street and announce the liberation of Pinghu. That day, a public meeting was held on the playground of Pinghu Street Guanxuetang, and it was announced that the guerrillas had taken over the Pinghu town. After the meeting, I took the people to the Lingweishan National Grain Depot to open warehouses for food. I also followed the adults into the warehouse to pick up a load of millet and go home. Soon many of the millets were carried away by the people. The people rejoiced and talked about the Communist Party.

It’s a pity that the good times don’t last long. Before Gutian was liberated, Pinghu was counterattacked by the Kuomintang within half a month after liberation. Battalion Huang Renhan, commander of the 4th Provincial Security Corps, led the security forces to attack Pinghu, but the guerrillas could only retreat, and the people suffered.

That day, my brother-in-law and three uncles were in “Jiaolongli” Daoyang. Near noon, I have to go home to deliver food. When I went to “Houlong”, I heard a loud sound of guns and guns. I saw that all the soldiers wearing yellow military uniforms from Shuiwei in Yuanli to Yanjiaoxiqi attacked the “Yan block fort” while crossing the mountain. The back gate of Yuyuan Village, Shangxiqi, Zhengyuandian, Laohutai are guarded by the national army, and they are constantly shooting at Pinghu Street. The people we went home and the people passing by were hiding in the dung bar of the backyard, and hurried home when there was no gunshot. I saw everyone in the village behind closed doors and guarded. Every one took refuge and hid. The atmosphere was very tense. After knocking in the door, I quickly packed up the quilt straw mat clothes, took rice braised vegetables and quickly ran away from the door, and then hid in the “Qiuzhuwei” manure treatment plant to take the second “reverse” refuge. Farming during the day, worrying at night, and running home from time to time to hear the news. About five or six days later people came home one after another.

The brother-in-law was caught in prison by the national army

Then the national army began to arrest people. At that time, my brother-in-law cooperated with others to undertake the processing of rice in Pinghu Grain Depot to supply military grain for the national army to transit. Because when the warehouse was opened in Zheng Rongtang, the fellow villagers also snatched the army rice that had been placed in the Xiji 碓 仔. The Baosi regiment counterattack cooperated with the mayor of Pinghu Town, Cheng Guoxu, in the name of recovering the national grain, arresting the people, and taking the opportunity to blackmail money. The mayor Cheng Guoxu and the captain of the Communist Party of China Cheng Chunsong arrested my brother-in-law and held him in the “Wenchang Pavilion” at the back gate of the town government, threatening to release bail by three or two gold.

Goodness, the sale of the family’s property is not worth three or two gold. The family had to ask others for help while delaying the plan to borrow time to reduce disasters and avoid disasters. And I was responsible for sending meals to prison three times a day.

Another half a month later, the Zheng Rongtang guerrillas who retreated from Pinghu ran to Jianou to request the Erye Liberation Army to liberate Gutian. It is said that Erye was ordered to liberate the Great Southwest, and the liberation of Fujian should be the task of Sanye Chen Yi. But the next day there was another sound of guns and planes. It is said that the People’s Liberation Army came down from Jian’ou Yushan to chase Huang Renhan and followed the road to Xixi and Fengpu. By June 14, Cheng Guoxu, the mayor of Pinghu, and others also fled along the canal from the three houses in Houyang. At around 4 pm, I saw the soldiers ran away, and the prison was unguarded, so I took an ax in the kitchen and broke the lock of the prison door before releasing my brother-in-law and hiding in the mountains with other friends go with.

The next day, three horsemen from the PLA came to Pinghu to camp and announced the second liberation of Pinghu. After that, a platoon of the People’s Liberation Army and southward cadres came to station one after another, and began to use the old Baochang to send grass food to organize migrant workers to support the frontline liberation of Fuzhou City. My uncle was young and of good background. I was selected to support the former stretcher team. It was only after the liberation of Fuzhou on August 17 that the task of supporting the front was completed, and then he was discharged from the army and returned to his hometown. Later, he served as the first chairman of the village peasant association.

Bandits are suppressed by the PLA

After the liberation of the Kuomintang government in June 1949, the situation was unstable. The task at this time was to support the frontline liberation of China on the one hand, and to implement rent reduction and interest rate reduction on the one hand, to mobilize the masses to fight against the bandits, establish grassroots political power, and initiate land reform. However, some residues are not willing to fail, hoping that the counterattack will come back, and many people will continue to do evil for the bandits and cruelly kill the people.

Bandit activity was rampant at the time. Bandits Huang Zhiyun and Huang Bingwu of the Shanyang District attacked the district office, and seven or eight cadres, including the secretary of the district party committee, were killed. Huang Xiaotian, chairman of the Pinghu Dachai Village Farmers’ Association, was killed by bandits. Many peasant association cadres and activists received threatening letters from bandits. The struggle was fierce and people were in terror.

In Pinghu, there are mainly dozens of people from Fidelity Yueyue. Lan had once served as the county magistrate of Jian’ou, and was the famous “ground snake” of Gu Bao, a famous landlord in Gutian. Foreigners who come to Gutian as the county magistrate must first visit Lan Baotian, otherwise, the county magistrate will not be able to continue, showing the great power of the Lan’s race.

At that time, Cheng Guochu of Qiaoxi Village was the mayor of the town, and there were dozens of people in the army of the Communist Party. Cheng Chunsong had killed two underground brothers, the Cheng Shinan brothers. In Yuyuan Village, there is a young man named He Shouchang who used to pay for the Sanqingtuan team. He usually does business by doing business without much public outrage, but he does n’t understand the policy and goes uphill with them.

After his siege in 1949, he also brought the bandit battalion commander (named “Nanjing Zi”, a native of Beixili) to Yuyuan to the District Party Committee Secretary Liu Yi to renew himself. After negotiating the Catholic Church, he fled in the dark. “Nanjing Tsai” was unfamiliar with people and hid in the course before the ancestral hall. After mobilization was invalid, Liu Shuji was shot dead. The son of Li Tingxiang in Lingwei Village, the old man of Zheng Chunpei in Yuyuan Village, was kidnapped by bandits and extorted money while working in the field during the day. I actively helped the PLA work, and also received a threatening letter from the bandits, warning that they would be decapitated and so on. It has been a long struggle.

Later, a large number of PLA troops stationed and launched a large-scale gangster crackdown on the counter-revolutionary movement. All villages organized militia equipped with weapons, and cooperated with the cadres of the peasant association to launch the masses to eliminate the bandits. For the first time, a mass meeting was held at the Zhouwang Temple in Pinghu, and a large number of criminals, territories, and counter-revolutionaries were shot. The first batch of killers was Huang Renhan, the commander of the Provincial Security Four Regiment, and Lin Lüyi, a staff member who had embezzled more than 30 grains of grain before embezzling (this man is in his 20s), the murderer of the chairman of the Taicai Farmers ’Association, Huang Xiaodun, and the bully Lin Changyuan in Qiaojun Village. Waiting for a batch, all those from the new surrender, will be released on bail after education.

As the policy was fulfilled, many bandits surrendered down the mountain. Only the group of Lan Yuejun continued to commit evil by taking advantage of the ease of defending the Fidelity fortress. Later, he was surrounded by the PLA and hundreds of militiamen. After Yue Jun, the bandits arrested the case. By the summer of 1950, the bandits in the county were basically eliminated. The land reform movement was successfully launched.

I help the PLA to do work

Since the end of 1949, in addition to rural labor, I have often followed the cadres from the south who came to work in the village. They were recruited from the cadres of Shanxi and other districts and counties in the old liberated area to form the Yangtze River Detachment of the People ’s Liberation Army to support Fujian. They think that I am a poor child, have no parents, have a good background, and are an oppressed class. I have read three books and can speak a little Mandarin, so they call me his “translator”. I also won their trust.

When I was 16 years old when I organized the militia, I was approved to participate and served as squad leader and deputy captain. I participated in the bandit work organized by them twice, seized guns and ammunition, and captured the KMT remnants. At that time, the guns and ammunition of the militiamen were all handed over from the bandits. Most of them were guns such as “Yue”, “Han”, and “Big Gai”. Among them, “Big Gai” was a good gun.

The militias are from poor people, oppressed, highly politically conscious, and supportive of the Communist Party. The troops were first set up on the right downstairs on the right side of the Catholic Church and then moved under the camphor tree in Xiwei, where the landlord “Tiger” was confiscated in the Qubu Building. Every morning military training, concentrated sleep at night, to cooperate with the army bandits. Organize night patrols, participate in important gatherings, stand guard patrols, everything is voluntary work, there is no subsidy. At that time, the militia defended their hometowns and protected people ’s property.

Agrarian reform and general election of villagers

In the winter of 1950, the “land reform” was nearly completed, and the villages established political power. The first election of the village chief was to ask the candidates to sit together on a bench, put a table behind them, and put a bowl behind each person on the table. The voter issued yellow beans as votes according to the number of people selected. Put a soybean in the bowl behind whoever is elected. At that time, people had a low level of education. This method was simple and easy to understand. The people supported it and came to vote one after another. Because I am less than 18 years old, I have no right to vote and to be elected. Only maintain order at the scene.

This is the whole process of the first direct election of leaders by an ordinary rural people in the establishment of political power in New China.

The land reform movement is a massive mass movement launched across the country. The central government ’s policy is to overthrow feudal landlords, protect the rich peasants, unite the middle peasants, and rely on the poor peasants to care for the peasants; all land is included in the land reform; based on the original farming, according to the population to make up for the shortcomings, fattening and thinning, good and bad; Wait nine levels.

The first stage is to let the masses fight against the landlords, distribute and confiscate the fortunes, grievances, and grievances, confiscate the land deeds, extinguish the landlords’ flames and bring down the feudal forces.

The second stage is to divide the components, and the three lists are posted and announced. Those who are rated as landowners must be people who own more than three times the per capita land of the county and who do not work by exploiting their income. The rich peasants have exploitation and labor, the middle peasants are self-sufficient, and the poor peasants are people who have no land and live by selling labor. Besides, there are semi-owner-style rich peasants, industrial and commercial landowners, small land renters, debt-exploiters, homeless proletarians, industrial and commercial workers, handicraftsmen and so on.

The assessment of class composition is the brand imprint of everyone. The division of class elements is based on who is dependent, who is united, who is attacked, and the boundaries are clear.

The third stage is to divide the land into households and announce the list. In the “land reform”, cadres must lead by example and the grand dukes are selfless to allocate the land well. The slogan of “Land Reform” is very loud: “Smash the millennium feudal iron chain”, “There are bitter complaints, there are grievances and grievances, and blood debts are returned”, “Fight over landlords, separate fields”, “The poor must turn over to become masters”

At that time, because the story of the “white-haired girl” spread throughout the world, men and women and people’s hearts, people’s political consciousness was unprecedentedly high, and people’s enthusiasm was also unprecedentedly high. Everywhere in China, shouting: “Long live the Communist Party” and “Long live Chairman Mao”, the people can finally hold their heads high, raise their eyebrows, smash the shackles, and truly become the masters.

I participated in the militia in Yuyuan, rebelled against the bandits, and carried out land reform. However, according to the policy, I still returned to the original village of Xinfang to divide the field and evaluate the composition. I was judged as a poor farmer, because bachelors get double land. In the area of ​​Liantouyang (the name is Kengzai), it is the ancestral field. There is only one mound, which can be plowed, raked, and sowed for half a day. He grows mid-season rice every year and produces red koji immediately after the harvest in August, which can increase his income several times a year. For the first time in life, I have the lifeblood of my own land, and I am not afraid of being poor all my life. Why not be happy, how can you not thank the Communist Party?

Participate in the work of the literary and art publicity team to publicize the party’s policies

In order to celebrate the victory of the land reform, Yuyuan Village organized a literary and arts propaganda team to promote the party ’s policies in the form of Fujian opera, the good people and good deeds of the people and rural cadres, and performed the Fujian opera to split the children ’s drama to the villages… I played the role of the niche in the play. My fellow native Zheng Chuanyou played Xiaodan and Zheng Xuanyou played Sanhua (harlequin). Everyone performed lively and was a party propaganda team.

Anti-US aid to North Korea

In the early spring of 1951, the “land remediation” work began, mainly to check and correct errors and omissions in the land reform. Yuyuan Village re-assessed the Zhengyuandian “tiger” as the landlord, confiscated property again, and launched a struggle. In fact, some problems are solved reasonably and reasonably, and the masses are very satisfied.

At this time, North Korea broke out the war of American aggression, hit the Yalu River on the border between China and North Korea, the plane bombed three provinces in Northeast China, and China was at stake. The United States is not reconciled to the collapse of the Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek regime that he supported with his first hand, and wants to slap the New China. Chairman Mao of the CPC Central Committee issued an order to decide to send volunteer troops into the Korean War.

At this time, the slogan “Resist against the United States and help the DPRK and protect the country” was heard all over China. The people were enemies and enemies. Many young people signed up to join the war. A hundred people from Lingwei village Li Minqing and Yuyuan village Zheng Fuqing were approved to enter the war. People from all villages and all walks of life voluntarily donated money and food to the country to buy aircraft and artillery to support the front and win the battle. This year Yuyuan Village was rated as an advanced village. At the same time, the establishment of China ’s New Democratic Youth League (the predecessor of the Communist Youth League) began. I joined the league in the first batch and served as the first branch propaganda committee. Zheng Yiyou was the first party secretary. At this time, Yuyuan Village had merged with Qiaoxi Village to form a township, and soon merged with Juntou. Separated again in about a year. By October, I, Zhou Changhui, Qiao Xicheng, and Lin Zhangcun Chen Changcai were organized and sent to the Nanping Special Administrative Office for training for one month. They were ready to be promoted to layoffs. They were called to participate in the revolution. Remember to bring your own quilt, walk Gutian from Pinghu to spend the night, and take the broken truck (charcoal-burning car) of the “Gu-Gu” automobile company to Gukou the next morning, and then take the Minjiang boat to Nanping at 5 pm At the dock, the school organized a team of people to greet you.

Soon after returning from the study, everyone was promoted away, only Zhou Changhui and I did not leave. The reason is that because of the influence of the economic thinking of small farmers, they have nostalgia for the life of “three acres of land and a cow” and do not want to leave their hometown. It was not until May of the following year that the leaders of the district repeatedly mobilized, and friends persuaded, to make up their minds to go out for the revolution, but Zhou Changhui still did not leave, leaving the revolution.

Yuyuan Village is my second hometown

I was born in Xinfang and grew up in Yuyuan. After joining the work and leaving Pinghu, I did not leave Yuyuan. I have participated in major events in the village, such as the Jianxiwei Bridge and the construction of the club. I have given great support to the transportation of fir and the approval of cement.

Before liberation, this was a poor village. During the land reform, only one landlord and one rich peasant were evaluated, and poor peasants accounted for 90%. After liberation, everyone’s life is getting better and better, getting rid of the hat of poor villages.

There are people of my generation here who have worked together for a long time and have built a deep relationship. They are hardworking and simple, everyone is loyal and honest, they can live in harmony with foreign surnames, and treat others with courtesy.

I am from here on the road to the revolution.

(3) The second stage of China’s new democratic revolution

Become a national cadre

In 1952, at the age of 18, my double happiness came: Yixi became a national cadre, and Erxi married to establish a family.

One day after the Dragon Boat Festival in May, approved by the superior organization to formally become a national cadre, go to work in the second district (Pinghu) office.

In the second district, with Lingtou Street as the center, the upper and lower cities (17th and 18th) are plains, densely populated, rich in resources, and developed in industry and commerce. It is not only a land of fish and rice, but also has developed economy, culture, and transportation. A trade gathering place in some areas of the county such as Jian’ou. Those who have been officials for generations have always come to Pinghu as officials, which is a “fat shortage” and has historically been known as “one capital and two counties [1] “. At that time, the second district also included the jurisdiction of Fengpu Township. From Yangjiao Village at the north gate of the county seat along the road to the old town village at the junction of Jian’ou and Yushan, all were under the jurisdiction of the second district. There were only 20 or so cadres of young women, women, and peasants in the party, government and army in the whole district. The district party secretary Liu Yi and the district head Qin Haibao are all cadres heading south. After the county’s cadre reorganization in July, Liu Yi was promoted to the county party committee’s organizational director, and the district head Qin Haibao was promoted to the county people’s court president. Deputy secretary Xu Tianbao took over as secretary, and Li Huaiqing as district chief.

When I joined the army, my life was still a system of supply. I sent two sets of people’s gray coats in spring and autumn every year. I was provided with shoes, socks, soap, toothpaste, and three pocket money. Going to the countryside to eat rice for the poor peasant family, one-day triangular dish gold, and a catty rice meal ticket are collected by the farmers themselves at the district office. It was changed to a salary system in October, with a monthly salary of about 20 yuan. By October 1953, the salary was evaluated according to the administrative level. I was rated as 24, and it was 42 yuan per month. District committees and district heads count at the district level and are veterans of the south, rated 18.

The next day after I registered, I went to the Shazhou Township Working Group to work with Zhang Duanwu, a cadre of the Youth League of the district, to learn and work with him. By the beginning of July, the county held a county-level cadre meeting to increase the organization and reorganize the team. The county has added three districts, Fengpu, Juxia and Zhuoyang, from the original eight districts. Most of the cadres absorbed after the land reform were enriched by the Youth League and the Women ’s Federation. My post is the secretary of the Youth League of District Two, with Lin Chunjin and Fang Zhanxi, two women and one man. Except for the establishment of regiment branches at all levels, a large area in the mountainous areas was not established, and the party branches began to identify training targets and prepare to build the party. From the second half of the year to the following year, I was in a mountainous area of ​​Dacai, Duanxi, Fidelity, and Tangchen, seized the center and established branches of youth leagues in various townships. The work in this period is regarded as the latter stage of New Democracy-liberating the whole of China and establishing a new regime.

In mid-July 1952, torrential rains throughout Gutian caused severe floods, and the county was severely affected. After the county expansion meeting, the regiment cadres stayed and held a systematic meeting for a few days. At that time, the four regiments and offices of the Tuanxian County Committee, the County Women ’s Federation, the County Trade Union, and the County Agricultural Association were all located in the Erbao Jixiang Tower. The meeting did not end. Human and animal casualties. The county party committee called on all cadres to dispatch disaster relief, carry the elderly, carry children, move supplies, maintain public order, and prevent the surrounding earth walls from collapsing and crushing themselves. Fortunately, I learned to swim in Yuyuan Creek as a teenager. On the third day, the floodwaters receded and the road was cleared. I walked for more than 40 miles from the county town to visit Pinghu Lake. I realized that the half of the house’s fan and wall left by my grandfather collapsed, and the house could not be occupied. After the death of the grandparents, the two coffins were buried in Guanlunping feces because they had no money, and they were washed down by the flood. In the second year, he was buried on the Houyang Mountain with the help of the Yuyuan Mutual Assistance team. The house collapsed and there was no money to repair. It was not until 1958 when the canteen was set up that the ancestral hall was changed into a canteen and the walls were built by the collective. It was occupied by Chen Zhenla, a reservoir immigrant, in 1959. It was only in 1964 that I was paid 400 yuan, which I bought.

My lover Zeng Shuying

On December 19, 1952, I married Zeng Shuying in Yuyuan Village.

Zeng Shuying is from Fengpu Village. Because his father Zeng Zhenjian was the leader of the underground party, he sent intelligence and firearms to cover the exposure of the underground party as the Kuomintang ’s guardian. In 1947, he was shot by the Kuomintang at the place of Zhongshan Hall in Fengpu Village.

She is the eldest daughter and surrendered to Yuyuan Bafancuo’s grandma’s house. Her maternal grandfather passed away early. Her grandmother is a blind old lady with no male or female child. An aunt Zheng Qihong studied at Fuzhou Normal University and her family is dependent on her niece.

Over the past two years, we have known each other and loved each other in the activities of the militia and the Youth League. After being introduced by Wu Luanjiao, an old woman in Yuyuan Village, I secretly established a love relationship. Wu Luanjiao’s early husband died and his child was young. She recognized Shuying as her sister. And I often go to her house to help grow vegetables, have a good relationship with her son, and often chat at her house. She pitied me as a childless girl, feeling the same sympathy.

Shuying and I are in the same situation, with relative portals and equivalent conditions. Our wedding is to promote and implement the first law of New China-“Marriage Law”, a typical wedding by the district office-collective marriage. The district organized five couples in Yuyuan Village, which were held in the ancestral hall. The district committee propaganda committee member Zhang Meixia was married. Representatives from each village participated. The brides did not sit on the sedan chair, and everything was handled in a new way. After watching, people feel very fresh and lively, and they are ideologically acceptable. In the district, households are allowed to hold two or three tables of banquets, without receiving red envelopes, and reward relatives.

At that time, the discipline was very strict. Marriage was only allowed for three days of vacation, leaving the wife to stay alone. Without approval, even if you work in Sanlidi, you can’t just run home and gather together, mainly for safety reasons.

Since then, I have established a revolutionary new family, free from the days of being a scepter.

[1] One county and two counties: Pinghu County, Pingnan County, and Jian’ou County.

(4) The primary stage of the socialist revolution begins with three major transformations

The socialist revolution began with the three major transformations of agriculture, handicrafts, and private industry and commerce, that is, the change of ownership—the transformation of private ownership of assets into national ownership and collective ownership and the elimination of private ownership.

From 1953 to 1957, the state-organized agriculture and handicrafts to take the path of cooperation. Public-private partnerships to restrict private industrial and commercial reforms. This shows that after acquiring and consolidating the political power, the Communist Party of China started to focus on economic-centric construction and entered a new stage of socialist construction.

Promote new marriage law work

In the spring of 1953, after the first session of the Youth League Congress in Kaiquan County, I went to villages to promote the implementation of the new marriage law, advocated marriage autonomy, women’s liberation, and equal status. I opposed the sale of marriage and parental arrangements, and I was not allowed to abuse women. In the old society, the unreasonable feudal marriage ruled for thousands of years. What are the “three slaves and four virtues” (that is, father at home, married husband, and dead son), rich men can marry three wives and four concubines, but women cannot remarry and be a widow lifelong. Poor people ca n’t afford to marry their wives, and only rent their wives or give away their rice [1], and treat women as commodities. Women suffer the most and are oppressed at the lowest level. The economy cannot be independent and their status is not equal.

After a period of propaganda and implementation of the new marriage, many unreasonable marriages were divorced, many child-reasoned families withdrew their engagements, and many people re-established new families, which played a good role in developing products and raising offspring.

Develop production and eliminate land sales

The focus of my work this year was mainly on developing production. Farmers organize mutual assistance, carry out labor change, and save themselves. Some people have divided the land because of a lack of labor, capital, or technology, and land can not be planted. We will help them solve the capital and technology and organize mutual assistance in changing labor so that everyone can taste the benefits of the organization. After the land reform and subdivision of farmland, the phenomenon of selling farmland due to natural disasters or bankruptcy or bankruptcy cannot occur.

Because of our effective work, we can help the masses solve practical difficulties, and farmers have close relations with the government.

Planned economy grain and oil co-ordination

By the end of the year, the central government put forward a propaganda called “General Transition Line”. The general policy is to achieve national industrialization and rural collectivization after 15 to 20 years of hard work, and to achieve “no farming, no lighting, no oil, upstairs and downstairs, electric telephone The good life of socialism will begin to transition to this goal from now on. At the same time, the state began to implement the policy of unified purchase and sale of grain. The surplus grain produced by farmers can only be sold to the state for purchase. No two merchants are allowed to intervene in the business, which caused the old society to be squeezed by the profiteers… All residents and farmers who are short of grain shall be uniformly formulated by the state to provide grain and oil monthly. This is the first time that New China has begun to implement the control of food by the state, which is a matter of national economy and people’s livelihood.

This policy has been implemented in China for more than 40 years, especially in the case of imbalanced supply and demand, which has many advantages, but it also artificially divides the boundary between agriculture and non-agriculture. To realize this work, we have to find out the population and output from household to household, and determine the quantity of grain retained, monopolized or monopolized. This is to do not only political and ideological work, but also specific economic work, do our best to be reasonable, and the people are satisfied.

Chiang Kai-shek raided Dongshan County

In August and September of this year, Chiang Kai-shek who retired to Taiwan suddenly attacked Dongshan County, Fujian. The fighting was fierce. Our defending army was killed a lot by the Kuomintang Army, Sea and Air Army, and the place was occupied three or four. Days later, a large number of men and women were dispatched through the Guangzhou and Fujian Military Regions before they were repelled. With the defeat of the Kuomintang, our army took the opportunity to liberate Yijiangshan Island, etc. along the coast of Zhejiang, but Kinmen Island failed to land in several battles.

I join the Communist Party of China

In February 1954, I joined the Communist Party of China through the introduction of the district governor Sun Liguan and Comrade Zhang Meixia of the Propaganda Committee. After a half-year preparation period, I became a formal Communist Party member. This laid a good foundation for the future career. At that time, joining the party was a very advanced performance, and it was also a desire that people envied. Many people thought that the conditions were not met. I was only a 20-year-old member of the Communist Party of China. Of course, it was amazing.

The first time to go to the provincial league school

In March, Sun Yu, Secretary of the County Youth League Committee, sent me and Huang Yemian of the Seventh District Youth League Committee, and Chen Aoe, the first district Youth League Committee, to study in the provincial Youth League School. This is the first time we have come to the provincial city of Fuzhou. Everything feels very fresh and the metropolis is beautiful.

In Fuzhou at the beginning of the liberation, the old society left residues before it was too late to clean up, and the municipal construction had not yet begun. The dilapidated buses could only be opened from Sancha Street directly in front of the drum tower. People use bicycles as the main means of transportation. The urban area is very small. Apart from August 17th Road, Houjie, Tatou Street, and Taijiang are all main streets. Tiandang is a suburb. Shanghang and Xiahang Streets are more lively near the pier.

The Provincial Youth League School is located at No. 2 Jixingli, Cangqianshan, which was renovated by a foreigner apartment with a beautiful environment. At that time, the curriculum was very tight, and the discipline was very strict. Only Sundays were allowed to play on the street or do personal hygiene every week.

The main content of the study is the situation at home and abroad, class struggle, party history, the task of the Young Pioneers of the Youth League, and mutual assistance and cooperation in the rural areas of China. The leaders of the Provincial Party Committee and the head of the Central Committee of the Youth League also made reports in person.

The way to learn is to listen to the report once, and then discuss the topics in groups, and organize them into regional units. We belong to the Nanping area. We have only 15 people in Nanping, Shaxian, Youxi, Gutian, Pingnan, and other counties.

I usually study at night, only on Saturday afternoon to do hygiene, or level the playground, and hold a dance party at night.

Enemy bombing

At that time, Fuzhou was the frontline of coastal defense. At night, Taiwanese enemy planes often disrupted. When the air defense alarm sounded, the lights were turned off throughout the city, and we ran into the air raid shelter to evacuate and hide. Sometimes the sound of guns and guns was heard, but no enemy planes were hit.

Soon after our study ended in June, Fuzhou was bombed by enemy planes, and many houses were burned from the Taijiang Theater, now the Hualian Commercial Building. It is said that the enemy plane came in from near sea level, and our radar could not find that our air defense was weak at the time. There were several anti-aircraft guns on the top of Gushan, and the road was still under Xiushan. When we go to Drum Mountain to play, we all take the path between the mountains, and the rich are lifted by the sedan chair.

Change private ownership pilot agricultural cooperative

After I came back from the study, the district committee sent me to Tanghuan Village to try the Su Yibin Primary Agricultural Cooperative and also to build the League. The establishment of agricultural production cooperatives is the only way for farmers to achieve “change from poverty to richness”. It is the first step in changing private ownership and the central task of the whole party. At that time, the working method was to conduct pilots layer by layer, and only after full experience gained. Our second district is a key area for mutual assistance and cooperation among the local committees. The district committee runs the Zhang Xueyan Agricultural Society in Kangyang Village, and the deputy secretary of the district committee Zheng Shouyan is stationed, the county party committee runs Yuyuan Zhou Changhui Agricultural Society, the district committee Zhang Meixia is stationed, and the district committee runs the Tangshan Suyibin Agricultural Society in the mountains.

These three points can only be done well and not badly. The task is very arduous. We are under great pressure, but we must meet the difficulties.

In the process of running a society, it is mainly to mobilize the masses to explain why they should do it, how to do it, what are the advantages, etc., so that farmers can clearly organize their strength, overcome natural disasters, reduce the loss of natural disasters and human disasters, and no longer follow the old path of fate, Instead, we must take the necessary path from poverty to wealth. After the farmers understood the truth, they voluntarily signed up to join the society.

The so-called primary means that the farmers who join the community bring the land converted into land-based on mutual assistance. The land is evaluated, and 30% of the rent for the current year can be recovered according to grade, and 70% is distributed according to the labor income of each person participating in the work. Except for agricultural taxes, costs, and the special care fee for the strong army, the income in that year was the value of dividends paid for production. Men and women are organized into groups, with agriculture and sideline production. By the end of the year, only 20% of the rural households in the two districts have joined the society. Of course, many people feel that joining the society is a kind of progress and glorious.

In June of this year, the first people’s congress of the county was convened, and Niu Tianfu was elected as the county head.

On June 14 of this year, my eldest daughter Guangrong was born in Yuyuan, and my family and friends came to congratulate you. I feel that I have children and my family tasks are heavy. Now I am an adult.

In July of this year, the first Constitution of New China was promulgated and implemented. In August I was promoted to deputy secretary of the District Youth League Committee (the secretary is also the district committee). In October, my sister Su Fengyi, brother-in-law, and nephew were recommended by the organization to make a red song in Fushun, Northeast Liaoning Province.

In January 1955, the compulsory military service system was implemented. Volunteer soldiers were changed to compulsory soldiers, and military subordinates did not enjoy subsidies for peasants’ special care workers. I started military service in Duanxi Village.

By May, I transferred to Yuku Township to take care of Pinghu Central Primary School’s establishment of a young pioneer team and the establishment of a regiment in the district government.

After the country implemented unified grain purchase and marketing in 1953, some places purchased farmers’ overgrain [2]. Some farmers reduced their rations due to production cuts, and dissatisfied grain-deficit farmers. Insufficient rations will cause social instability. At this time, we must readjust the tasks for farmers to set production and purchase land, so that farmers and the national interests can be taken into account, so that farmers have a greater enthusiasm to relax and actively produce, so as to produce more and eat more.

After this task was completed in the first half of 2005, the construction of the Yingtan-Xiamen railway began in July. This is the first railway in the province, and it is also the former railway built to liberate Taiwan. Migrant workers from various townships participated in the construction of the railway before supporting it. Xu Tianbao, secretary of the Second District Committee, was transferred to the captain of Gutian County Migrant Workers’ Brigade and cooperated with the Railway Corps 8505 troops to enter the front line. At this time, the ten districts (Fengpu) was merged into the second district, with Sun Zhaoyou as secretary.

Set up a senior agricultural society

In September, Chairman Mao Zedong issued the famous “About the Upsurge of Agricultural Cooperation”, calling on the whole country to quickly set up agricultural cooperation and criticizing the conservative forces of some leaders who are “like the little foot women and the old complaints. The country soon entered the climax of running advanced agricultural production cooperatives. I set up a high-level agricultural cooperative in the village of Yuku Township.

The so-called high-level agricultural society is to cancel the land rent income based on the junior society, and distribute it according to work. In addition to the tax cost, 2% of the public welfare fund and 3% of the provident fund should be retained in the total income. The accumulation of apology. Farming cattle and agricultural tools will be evaluated for demolition and entering the company.

The management committee has great powers, and has not announced that it will replace the government with the community. It has acted as the village chief. The management committee is democratically elected. At the time, more than 90% of the rural households joined the community, and the rest were households with no labor or disability, but the Shanchang single household.

At that time, Chairman Mao had high prestige in the eyes of the people of the whole country, and all circles would respond positively with a single order. Joining the society is a political task, and farmers are scrambling to sign up.

On the day when Yuku Township announced the establishment of a high-level society, we organized a parade of men, women, and children throughout the village. They carried the three-year development plan, took the buffalo on their backs, rapped drums, raised red flags, shouted slogans, set off firecrackers. The team set out from the entrance of the township government that was transformed into the Aunt Temple of Jiang, along the Shishi Bridge to Pinghu Street Return to Yuku at Shishanwei via the district office. Wherever they went, people firecrackers and celebrated the victory. The magnitude of the shock and response exceeded the land reform. This signifies that farmers have changed from private ownership to collective ownership. The land ownership certificate issued by Chairman Mao to the farmers’ land reform was invalidated and confiscated. Subsequently, rural villages established fund-raising and joint-stock cooperatives for rural use and material supply and marketing cooperatives that regulated production and living materials. The establishment of the three agricultural cooperatives, credit cooperatives, and supply and marketing cooperatives is a new thing. It is the first joint-stock product of New China. The peasant’s mood is like a big girl getting married-it is the first time.

Cheng Chunsong

From July to November of this year, after a long period of reconnaissance and arrest, led by the anti-communist and co-paying captain, Cheng Chunsong’s counter-revolutionary team was deeply hidden. During the suppression of the counter-revolution, Cheng Chunsong escaped and escaped the net. In 1954, the oversupply of grain caused farmers ’rations, which caused dissatisfaction, insufficient market supply, and people ’s complaints. Cheng Chunsong misunderstood the situation and believed that the period was beneficial to him, so he went out to engage in activities to destroy it, and organized counter-revolutionary teams secretly in the upper and lower areas and the mountainous area. After careful planning, he planned to organize a riot at the Yuku Baoci Temple Fair on June 19, to attack the district office, kill the district cadres, rob banks, grain depots, supply and marketing cooperatives, and want to make a big case that shocked the whole country.

We found a special case handling team after we discovered it in early July, and I was assigned to detect the case. Li Tingliu, an insider who once worked as a cadre of the peasant association through buy through. After we have mastered all their activities, we plan to suppress them on the evening of June 19. Li Zhongtan, who was transferred from the army to the county and served as the county chief, was in charge of the general command. The county public security bureau and district cadres went all out and the militia fully deployed.

The measures we have taken are: the village cadres cooperate with the garrison working group and the village militia to gather the four types of elements and families in the village under the control of the village, the rich, the anti, and the bad [3]. Enemy activities; cadres in some districts are fully armed, leading the militia to hold the mainline and wait for the line, once the riot is found, it will be eliminated; the backbone of 7 or 8 people will be transformed into pilgrims, lurking in the temple to control the main point, occupying the commanding heights, and annihilating once the riot begins. Because of the large scale of these operations, we fear that they will be detected by the enemy and dare not take risks.

One night after the autumn harvest in September, we were instructed to encircle Cheng Chunsong hidden in Li Yangming’s house and arrested at dawn when he caught Cheng Chunsong in the basement of Li Tingming’s room. Li Tingming went out and his wife was arrested together for the crime of sheltering and hiding. Then, continuous operations and arrests were carried out to capture all of these teams. The two stubborn brothers of the rich and peasant Xiayang did not surrender. When Tian Leng could not live on the mountain. When the hunger and cold were unbearable, we lured them down with relatives and friends and surrounded them in the tomb of Luoyang. By the end of the year, the case is over.

At that time, the masses were very shocked, and they all believed that the Communist Party cadres had the ability. They originally thought that Cheng Chunsong had gone to Taiwan. Unexpectedly, this counter-revolutionary veteran could not escape the fate of death. In May of the following year, a total of 8 people were shot at the Zhongshan Hall in Fengpu.

Renovation of rival industry, private industry and commerce

After the rural cooperation in 1956, towns began to transform rival industries and private industry and commerce. The method is to organize handicraftsmen into cooperatives, divide into several groups according to types, and implement remuneration on a piece-by-piece basis. The cooperatives are responsible for raw materials and sales. After the county organized the County Union, it was changed to the Second Light Industry Bureau.

The transformation of industrial and commercial persons is to implement the policy of “utilization, restriction and transformation” and to implement public-private partnerships. Assess the cost of the boss’s assets, including shops and factories, into the company. The government regularly gives fixed interest rates, and the boss becomes the employee, and the employee becomes the backbone.

The largest of the industrial and commercial bosses on Pinghu Street are Li Tinglian who runs the sauce garden factory, Huang Taichun of Jinguo, Su Xiaowu of Sufang, Ping An Tang of the medicinal materials, and Tobacco Linzhimei, etc. all responded to the call to enter the public-private joint venture smoothly, and some people also served as joint ventures. Head of shop.

Apart from the two main businesses of state-owned department stores and supply and marketing cooperatives on the market, the rest are public-private joint stores and cooperative stores, and there are no private stalls for sale.

After the joint venture, some bosses were arranged to go to the countryside as servants. Farmers had no private products other than vegetables. The killing of pigs is subject to approval, they can be produced and sold by themselves, and the market is the same. So far, China’s three major transformations have been basically completed, indicating that it has entered the primary stage of socialism-transforming private ownership into collective ownership.

The county’s first party congress was held in May of this year, and Jin Suxian was the secretary.

I was promoted to deputy secretary of the Fourth District Committee of the Communist Party of China

In August 1956, I was promoted to the deputy secretary of the Fourth District (Hengyang) District Committee of the Communist Party of China because of my outstanding work and enjoyed the positive district-level treatment (at that time, the deputy secretary of the district committee and the three district governors were at the district level. Click here to enjoy). District Secretary Xie Tongyuan and the district head Huang Yemian is two years older than me.

It is understood that when I was appointed by the Nanping District Party Committee, I was the deputy secretary of the second district. It was the county party committee who knew that the secretary Li Yinhe conflicted with Gao Jianjiao, the landlord’s son-in-law.

After I arrived in the four districts, I was in charge of publicity and discipline inspection. I was in charge of a community of thirteen capitals, including the three townships of Fengzhu, Wakeng, and Shangluoyang, known as Shangnan Road, and was resident in Fengzhu Township of the KMT Fengcao Township Office.

This township has a population of nearly a thousand, and a large number of land, wealth, opposition, and bad. It is also the hometown of Hu Heshan, a senator of the Kuomintang county. This is an alpine zone with an altitude of more than 800 meters. It is 40 miles away from the county seat and 50 miles away from Hengyang. All of them take the intestinal path. The economy is underdeveloped, cultural thoughts lag, and traffic is blocked. Farmers only have one season of mid-season rice and sweet potatoes, and the yield is low. They have to pick 40 miles of land to sell wood and sell rice to Chengguan. They go out to work on sideline jobs and live in poverty. People ’s daily necessities are fixed by the agricultural society. It was picked up on the shoulders to supply, and the production materials such as fertilizers were carried back from the bridge by the production teams. Villages such as Wakeng, Houshan, and Shangluoyang are worse than Fengzhu and people ’s lives are more difficult. Due to poor natural conditions, the district committee has appointed young and promising cadres to work in the village.

As the filmmaker, I convene at least one meeting of each township working group every month, upload it and release it, and sometimes go to each township to inspect and stay for a day or two to help them solve some specific problems.

To give me peace of mind, in 1957, with the approval of the county party committee, the district committee decided to let my family move from Pinghu to live. In August of this year, my wife gave birth to a second child.

Because the generations are poor, the family is low, the marriage and debts owed, the salary after joining the job is not high, and there is no additional income and other people to help, all rely on the salary and the income of the wife ’s labor in the agricultural society to support the family of four.

Because of the originally owed money to the agricultural society, some people said that my family was supported by the agricultural society. After hearing this, I was very angry. I moved the family away and gradually paid off the debt.

Solve water conservancy problems and build reservoirs

Fengzhu also has a central primary school, which is a school district, including students from Panyang Township who have been in the school for more than three years, who come here to study and boarding. I lived here for nearly two years. I built a Luoyuan water conservancy for them, solved the water problem of hundreds of kilometers, and surveyed a road route from Tongpanyang to Xinhua Village. “Hydropower station.

At that time, the thought was relatively simple, only to repay Chairman Mao, no matter how difficult the conditions, no fear, as long as the cadres are united and rely on the power of the masses to do some practical work for the people, they work hard.

In the spring of 1957, the county established the Reservoir Working Committee and decided to develop the Gutianxi Hydropower Station Reservoir. The inundated area was 57 natural villages in 11 townships. More than 40,000 people were to be relocated. The new county was located in Luohua.

Gutianxi Hydropower Station is a key project of the national “Five-Year Plan”, numbered as Project 101, designed and constructed by Soviet experts. The whole process is divided into five steps, and the power plant has a power generation of 280,000 kilowatts, which is a large project. During the period before the liberation of the Kuomintang, Americans came to Longting to survey.

Ten thousand workers fought day and night after starting work. To strengthen leadership, a county and regiment level unit was established. In the first half of the year, the county carried out rectification and rectification to solve the problems of undemocratic style and unclear financial affairs of certain agricultural cooperatives. Organs continue to carry out counter-revolutionary work, remove impure elements from the ranks, and some cadres are demobilized for the first time in rural areas to participate in labor, but they are paid by the state and do not include labor remuneration. Most of these people are actually not enough to be expelled from the organ. In the future, most of them were taken back by the government.

Expansion of the rectification movement

By July, the nationwide campaign of “Da Ming, Da Fang, Da Zi Pao, and Big Debate” was launched, which called everyone to help the Communist Party to rectify their opinions and use the “four major” methods. After the fire broke out across the country, the central government said Some people want to use the rectification to engage the Communist Party, openly propose to take turns in power, not a one-party dictatorship, etc. The bourgeoisie is a malicious attack with no good intentions, so the central government decided to carry out a “counter-right struggle” above the county level and collect their speeches in the “Fourth Congress” for a critical struggle. People in the county’s cadres, enterprises, and institutions are classified as “rightists” and are included in the contradiction between the enemy and the enemy. For this reason, the word “right” is added to the original “four types of elements”.

This is a serious political struggle. Many people have no ideological preparation. It turns out that people who get along well-become enemies overnight, and some people can’t figure it out. Many people belong to others. In the 1970s when the right was vindicated, the central government said: “The right does exist, but it has expanded”, making many people become blacks for more than two decades.

In the countryside, if there is no right-winger, the things released from the “Fourth Congress” will be criticized as “poisonous grass”, and a special period of time will be held to hold a big debate among the masses to distinguish right from wrong. Since then, many talents have learned that “talk can’t be said indiscriminately.”

Basic salary adjustment

In the second half of the year, I adjusted the wages that had not been adjusted for many years. I was promoted from level 24 to level 22. According to the regulations, the district level should be level 19, but due to the low base, there is no provision for three levels. The quotas given in the salary adjustment counties are not available to everyone. To be democratically evaluated according to the conditions, and also to talk about style, the humble people will suffer.

In the autumn and winter of this year, Chairman Mao delivered a famous speech on “On the Ten Major Relations” to solve the new contradictions in the national economic construction, such as industry and agriculture, consumption and accumulation, central and local, domestic and foreign, etc., is a strategy guiding ideology.

By the end of the year, the county was renamed according to the name of the district office. For example, the first district was renamed Chengguan District, the second district was renamed Pinghu District, and the fourth district was renamed Hengyang District.

The province’s first cultural township

In winter, Xiufeng Township in our district completed the literacy task and became the first cultural township in the province. Backbone activist Xiao Jinxiang received the award in Beijing and was recruited by Xiamen University as a model for preparatory training. Construction of the Dadong Highway from the bridge to Dajia has also begun, and the migrant workers will be borne by the four districts of Dadong (Hengyang, Zhuoyang, Hetang, and Shanyang). State funds only address bridge letter materials and technical wages. The scores of the migrant workers’ appraisal work will be evenly distributed to the senior community in the hometown. Prepare for the war “open to traffic in half a year”.

summary

The period from 53 to 57 was a period from economic recovery to development. People’s living standards were gradually improving, social security was stable, people lived and worked in peace, and industrial and agricultural production had developed greatly. The people were satisfied with the leadership of the Communist Party.

[1] That is, every time a ton of rice is sent to the woman’s house for a few nights, the marriage relationship is broken after the woman gives birth to the child and holds it back.

[2] Too much grain: meaning that Yin eats Maoliang

[3] Refers to landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements.

(5) Three Red Flags of the Great Leap Forward

Since 1958, Chinese society has entered a special period. The central government put forward the fanatical slogan of “Red Line, Great Leap Forward, People’s Commune”, which brought China into a period of the most “left-leaning” and the most unrealistic. Many serious problems occurred during this period, which lasted three years.

In the spring of 1958, a county immigration committee set up at the county regiment level was established. The first batch of immigration pilot work began, and the Gutianxi Hydropower Station primary power plant, which lasted for more than three years, is about to start generating electricity. The reservoir is about to store water!

“Million jin of rice per mu”

In June, the county held a three-level cadre meeting at the county, township, and township levels to implement the party’s general line of “spirit, strive for upstream, and build socialism quickly and economically.” The attendees suddenly thought that they were hung up in the sky, and many slogans, goals, and tasks that they did not dare to think, dare to do, or unrealistic were put forward at the meeting. What’s “Achieving a thousand kilograms of rice per mu”, “Ten thousand tons of steel”, “Managing ten thousand factories”, “Three years of immigration completed in one year”, “How bold are people, how much land is produced”, “Million kilograms per mu” “Rice, Million Mushrooms”, etc. After the meeting, a great leap forward was launched in various places, and the “satellite” grand style was carried out. Activities such as “inserting the red flag and pulling the white flag” (referring to conservative cadres) were carried out everywhere. Blind command, forced command style is serious. People can not imagine how this situation will occur.

By August, the county organized a group of advanced-minded cadres to visit Macheng County, Hubei Province. The people who came back said, “A five-year-old child can sit on top of the rice ears, and the yield per mu can indeed reach ten thousand pounds.” In fact, it was formed by merging mature rice seedlings with the method of “moving seedlings to fight mounds”, which shows how exaggerated it is.

“Good People’s Commune”

In September, Chairman Mao inspected Hubei and said, “It is better to call the People’s Commune.” In short, the first “People’s Commune” piloted in Hubei quickly proliferated throughout the country.

The first commune in Gutian County was established in Pinghu District. Within half a month, all districts in the county have been established.

The so-called “People’s Commune” is to abolish the district office and rename it as the administrative jurisdiction unit, which is both an administrative unit and an economic organization.

Our townships were renamed production brigades, and there was no township-level government. Then the people ’s commune and the brigades implemented militarized management. The county set up militia field divisions, the various regiments established regiments, secretaries and political commissars, county magistrates, presidents, divisions, and regiments. They were also equipped with advanced weapons, including 60 guns for light and heavy machine guns. In Fuzhou, military uniforms were rushed to hold military ranks, which caused the true and false PLA to be indistinguishable. The whole people are soldiers, and they are managed militarily. In the rural areas, there are large canteens, nurseries, and pig farms. The three concentrated lives of eating, working, and laboring are concentrated.

I was appointed as the first president of Daqiao Commune, because the district director of Huangye Cotton was transferred to Chongan Development Airport six months ago, and I was in charge of administrative work. The Hengyang District Office moved to the office of Anzhang Po Temple on the bridge.

In October, the county organized us to visit the typical city gate commune of the provincial office to study.

“Chaoying chasing America and smelting steel”

In winter, in response to Chairman Mao ’s ambition to overtake the United Kingdom, a large number of laborers were organized to cut trees and burn charcoal in the mountains and began a nationwide exercise in iron and steel. The government office is closed and the school is closed. The shop opened for half a day, and the ironmaking battlefields were everywhere. The rice paddies were not harvested. The leaders at all levels took the lead in monitoring the ironmaking furnace day and night, and commanded on one side. Some people suggested that “thirty days of hard work, and ten thousand pounds of meat to work hard”, and some people suggested that “you can’t finish the task and mention it.”

But without professional equipment and smelting technology, how to ensure product quality. The leaders above don’t care, and when the iron shit flows out, they set off firecrackers to celebrate, which is actually waste. Every day, the output of iron produced is misreported, and “satellites” are flying everywhere.

Fujian Province has created an original “Let ’s eat till belly full and work hard”. People eat wherever they go, without paying money or keeping accounts, canceling financial accounting, as if entering Communism and distributing it on demand.

Later, when the whole people couldn’t make iron, they mobilized the masses to smash the iron pot and pull the door to the top. I put my belly in the canteen for a month, and I found that the rice was not enough to eat.

According to the provincial leaders in the second year, an extra “0” was written in the annual report, and the cafeteria thought it was enough to eat, but the result was not as much as it was reported.

Over the course of a few months, the situation changed and turned over and over. The grassroots cadres got dizzy and their bodies collapsed. I do n’t know how to do it in the future. Everyone just listened to orders blindly.

During the period of the national iron making and the national canteen, all forests were cut down and the countryside was barren.

On September 10 of this year, the old city moved to Luohua New City for office. On the 20th, the Dadong Highway was opened to traffic, with a total length of 44 kilometers.

“Anti-Left and Anti-Right”

In 1959, the people of the county continued to make great strides. In March, a cadre meeting of 4,000 people was held to start correcting the rectification and accounting campaign of “one leveling and two adjustments to the communist wind”, and to correct the left-wing mistakes that dampened the enthusiasm of farmers.

It is a pity that the meeting has not been completed. In July, the “anti-rightist” and “pulling the white flag” movements began, and another 2,000 people meeting was held. It was determined that Peng Dehuai was a right-wing opportunist and criticized the struggle. After the meeting, a bigger and more fierce venture was renewed. People have different opinions and have to put it in their hearts. They dare not tell the truth. They have to follow others blindly and involuntarily.

At 20 o’clock on June 8 of this year, the Gutian Reservoir closed the gate to store water.

Due to the lack of compensation funds for the “Satellite” resettlement of the Great Leap Forward, the poor quality of the houses and the insufficient area caused many sequelae, which could not be solved for a long time, and the people suffered a big loss, called “big contribution”. There is a joke here, I do not know whether it is true. It is said that Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and Marshal Chen Yi came to Gutian to inspect in 1961. After visiting the reservoir and returning to the county committee, there are many short houses lined up in the new city from the mountain. Well developed, so many pig houses have been built! “It can be seen that the quality of the houses was too poor at that time, and the immigrant houses were regarded as pig houses.

Governance immigration

To consolidate immigration work, I was in charge of immigration again, so I moved to Pinghu and the most concentrated population moved from Kangxia Village to the Hengyang Brigade.

Hengyang Village is the village with the strongest reactionary base of the Kuomintang. Before the liberation, there were more than 20 officials in the county government, including Chen Zhuokui who was running for the National Congress (repressed), and Chen Zantang, the richest Chinese overseas Chinese in Malaysia. There is a Changxi Sandman of the National Army.

The immigrant population of Pinghu Kangyang Township exceeds the local population, and they all live in the requisitioned “landlords” and “bureaucrats”. The identity of the locals is not good, 95% of the cadres are immigrants. The county set up a typical brigade for the development and production of immigrants, built a small hydropower plant, and clubs, warehouses, primary schools, etc. with the immigration compensation funds, and the village looked completely new. But in the era of compositional theory and class struggle, local people have opinions that can only be held in their stomachs. The rural areas of the county are busy focusing on agricultural production, but grains are starting to tighten, and something unhealthy appears in society.

In 1960, three red flags of the Great Leap Forward continued to hold high.

Reception leader makes a report

Xiufeng Brigade appeared as the first cultural township in the province. The so-called cultural township means that literacy at night schools generally reaches the junior high school education level. The central government sent the Minister of Education Fu Chuncai to check and accept. To this end, we specially built a road from the mansion to Xiufeng, about six kilometers, and the whole society dispatched migrant workers to work overtime day and night on the high mountains where the snow was flying. Canteens, nurseries, factories, and pig farms present a new rural landscape. After spending a lot of energy and energy, the minister came by car because the road could not slide into the village, so he could only listen to the report in the commune and returned to Fuzhou the next day. Then I came to the leadership of the All-China Women ’s Federation. As the president, I was responsible for a lot of work, and there was nothing wrong with receiving, reporting, logistic life, and safety.

In the spring, it was proposed to develop the “Wanbao Mountain”, and various social organizations organized labor to enter the mountains for reclamation, camping and camping, planting grains and afforestation, and relocating pig farms to the mountains.

In April, the county ’s expansion meeting proposed that the per capita double-thousand grains, two hundred yuan, create conditions to transition to commune ownership. In the countryside, there is also a large industry and transportation, a new communist wind is blowing, and the blind command begins again. The county and the society are equipped with full-time deputy secretaries of the party committee to manage the industry and raise pigs.

By July and August, there were food shortages in many societies, there was no rice in the canteen, there was a shortage of food in the market, and the supply of cotton cloth was tight. The county also held an expansion meeting, and began to call for a big grasp of grain, and a great deal of melon and vegetable replacement. The county workers and residents began to be decentralized back to the countryside.

summary

The problems of communism, exaggeration, and blind command brought by the three red flags began to be fully exposed, but many leaders still have a fever, and they do n’t feel the problem is serious. In other words, many cadres’ ideological and behavioral guidelines are “Never left, not right”.

When Chairman Mao summed up the three red flags at the Thousand People Conference in 1962, he said: not telling the truth, communist winds, exaggerated winds, harming the people, and harming yourself.

(6) Three-point natural disaster and seven-point human disaster in difficult times

From the second half of 1960 to the first half of 1963, the Chinese people lived in the most difficult and most difficult period since liberation. This was caused by humans, and also caused by the Soviet Union’s debt forcing and natural disasters.

The depression caused by the Great Leap Forward

Every year since the Great Leap Forward, the three high policies of high land acquisition, high index, and high pressure made the following unbearable, and had to use exaggerated false reports to complete the task.

After the purchase and storage in 1960, the phenomenon of people having no food began to appear, and then there was a food shortage everywhere. The government began to call on the people to “low standards, melons and vegetables” to live. A large number of rural areas rely on the country to sell off food, and after the commune, farmers do not grow vegetables or raise poultry. The green vegetables are planted by professional teams for use in the canteen. There are several skinny pigs in the pig farm. They cannot be slaughtered casually, and there are deaths from time to time.

Food, textiles, industrial products, grains, oils, meat, fish, tobacco, and sugar are all supplied on the market. Resident households ration 24 kilograms of rice per month, two or two kilograms of oil, half a catty of meat or fish, and half a catty of other paid foods such as soy products. The peasants did not enjoy these quantitative supplies, and it was the communes and production teams who took care of it themselves. Many peasants saw that the residents had these advantages, so that their children would not starve to death, so they married the women into the city. Niang ca n’t settle down in the city and become a black household.

As hunger is uncomfortable, society is unstable. After liberation, the roads were not left behind, and the days of staying at home and staying in business at night were disturbed by petty theft. They mainly steal food, and even the sweet potatoes that the production team has planted have been stolen. Various measures have been taken in various places to prevent, the relationship between the cadres and the masses is tense, and various contradictions continue to increase and deteriorate.

People began to get sick, and there were many edema diseases such as swollen eyes, big belly, and swollen legs that lacked pan-nutrition. Society has no breath of life and talks about hunger and food everywhere.

By 1961, spring farming production could not be achieved. People dig wild vegetables everywhere, dug “national awns” (fire-burning wild vegetables), pick leaves, and catch duckweed to feed their hunger. The bran for the edema patients should also be supplied in batches. At this time, people starved to death in some places. People were afraid, uneasy, and overwhelmed. People began to complain about the Communist Party, and they tried their best to save their lives.

In this situation, cadres took the lead in sharing hardships with the people, went to the canteen to eat a fixed amount of food, worked together, met in meetings and studied, and united the people.

Treat the executor as a scapegoat

By the second half of 1961, the superiors had proposed anti-coercion orders, anti-bureaucracy, anti-blind command, and anti-exaggeration campaigns, and began to pay back the “one level, two-tone communist wind” in the Great Leap Forward. Identify the wrong case and vindicate the “pulling the white flag” cadres, devolve the basic accounting unit from the brigade to the production team, and implement a three-level accounting based on the team.

It is a pity that this movement pointed the finger at the grassroots cadres, blamed the executors of the wrong policies, and blamed the responsibilities of the cadres below, which once again dampened their enthusiasm.

The Gutian County Party Committee set up a study class at the county epidemic prevention station to gather here five or sixty cadres of the commune and production brigade with so-called public outrage and bad style. It is called learning, which is actually house arrest and reeducation through labor. Some people were dragged back by the so-called masses for criticism, which lasted for half a year. In fact, these loyal, most obedient, most powerful, and least foolish executives were sacrificed to calm civilian anger and exhale the masses.

But they put the overall situation first, without complaints, and they accept it retroactively. Many unapproved cadres are squeezing a sweat, worrying that they can live their lives with fear, and someday it will be their turn. In this movement, the active cadres are all those who are flattering and watching the limelight, and the approved cadres are all commendable people who wholeheartedly serve the people.

Experience of delegating human responsibility to the silk factory

I held a mass meeting (including Nakamura, Xisha, Meiping) at the Yokoyo Brigade Club one night this spring and made a report on the stage. The militia captain Chen Shoulian and the captain Chen Donggui (both immigrants), when they took the militia to patrol, they found a crazy old man (Long Deyang) digging sweet potatoes to eat, he was taken back and tied to the back column. This old man did not attract people’s attention because he usually had a child binding him to a tree by the road. When the meeting ended, I discovered that the madman was tied up and asked to let him go, but when the person reported that he was no longer good, I quickly called the doctor and died after the rescue failed.

At the time, I didn’t find it, let alone stop it, let alone accountability, but after all, there was a big case where life was a matter of life, and I had to assume leadership responsibility. That was inevitable. For this reason, I also entered the study class. After three months of introspection, “graduation” after criticism. The organization removed me as the president, dismissed the commune and returned to the county, and arranged for a new state-owned silk factory in the county’s resettlement to serve as the party branch secretary.

This is the first time in my life that I have been severely hit. The mental pressure is so great that I ca n’t describe my inner pains. Even the streets are afraid of seeing acquaintances. Fortunately, I always think that I am responsible for the subordinate cadres. However, he feels guilty but suffers from being involved. He must be treated with courage and perseverance to overcome mental pressure. Many friends also advised me.

At that time, many cadres could not withstand the test. When the policy was relaxed, they applied for resignation, returned to their hometowns to engage in small freedom, and make money in business. As a result, they lost their future and regretted it.

Blessings in the silk factory work experience

The county silk factory is the product of the Great Leap Forward. At that time, to solve the way out for Gutian immigrants, the old wood in the reservoir area was used in collaboration with Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai. There are no factory machines.

In September 1961, Xu Tianbao, the head of Fu County, led a team to Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu to solve equipment problems and train personnel. I have been working in the countryside for decades, and this time on a business trip to the “good Jiangnan” Shanghai metropolis to enjoy life, I was blessed by misfortune.

In the past year or so, I have worked in Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu four times, and I have gained a lot of insight, especially when I am hungry at home, and I can buy more or less food that is not seen in the county. , Such as peanut butter, brought some back to let his wife enjoy the hunger, especially when he gave birth to three daughters, Guangping, in 1959, it was time to eat.

The county decided to use the agricultural exhibition hall run by the Great Leap Forward to transform it into a factory building (that is, a later pharmaceutical factory), and the installation of equipment was put into production within one year and was discontinued due to policy changes.

Market relaxes currency devaluation

In the second half of 1961, the market began to relax, and so-called “high-end dishes, high-end cakes, high-end sugar, high-end sugar, tobacco, and liquor” organized by state-owned restaurants and other organizations began to be sold to the market. Normal dishes are only two or three yuan, and high-end dishes cost two, thirty yuan, or fifty or sixty yuan. Many people are hungry and uncomfortable. Selling gold and silver also requires buying a plate to taste meat. The market is alive from the dead. Canteens run by residents of various streets in Chengguan also began to sell sweet potato rice cakes in large quantities. Street talks about which sweet potato rice cake is big and which one is cost-effective to buy. This is the first inflation since the founding of New China, and the currency has depreciated greatly.

Three red flags wrongly reviewed the relationship between the cadres and the masses has eased

In 1962 the country began a major adjustment. Chairman Mao Zedong held a meeting of party committee secretaries above the county party committee secretary in Beijing, also called the 7,000-person meeting, to review the mistakes caused by the losses caused by the three red flags. After the meeting, all levels immediately closed the canteens and nurseries, and the pig farm was disbanded. Opening up “small freedom” in rural areas allows farmers to grow vegetables and raise livestock, and allows surplus materials to be sold on the market. Some farmers have “three guarantees to households.” The majority of urban factory employees were streamlined and returned to the countryside, various contradictions were gradually resolved, and the relationship between the cadres and the masses was eased. But people’s lives are still difficult.

Internal and external problems

By mid-May, the Sino-Indian border relations were tense, and the Indian army continued to invade our territory and continuously injured and killed our military and civilians. With an order from the central government, our army fought back and won. After the death of President Nehru, India experienced such an unfriendly act of aggression. After being taught by our army, it became honest and entered the stage of border negotiations.

By July, Chiang Kai-shek and his son who had retired to Taiwan had miscalculated the situation and began to clamor to counterattack the mainland, and proposed to return to the mainland for their sixtieth birthday. They believe that people in the mainland are hungry and oppressed, and they are very dissatisfied with the Communist Party. As long as the counterattack is ordered, the people will follow him. We began to prepare for war. A large number of PLA troops came from north to south to prepare for war in Fujian. Taiwan also continues to send small units of armed secret agents to attack, but most of them come and go. Old Jiang called for a few months and was discouraged. By the end of the year, preparations for war were gradually relaxed and the war could not be fought.

In difficult times, Gutian again experienced petitions and troubles due to the lack of land, few houses, and a particularly difficult life, requiring increased compensation for losses and solving the problem of migration. The higher level determined that the county immigration work organization should be expanded, the actual problems of immigration should be solved, and then the immigrants should be relocated. I was transferred to the transfer committee to serve as the chief of the propaganda section, responsible for relocating to the resettlement sites in the counties of northern Fujian to fix specific problems, land division, construction of resettlement sites, and the establishment of separate production teams.

After efforts at all levels, more than 4,000 migrants from Gutian were resettled in Chong’an, Jianyang, Shaowu, Shunchang, and other counties.

Baby boy born

On October 1, 1962, on the occasion of the thirteenth anniversary of the National Day, the long-awaited boy Guang Bin was born in the dormitory of the Gutian Silk Factory office building. At around 9 pm, everyone came back after watching the National Day Parade, Shuying was born. The staff cadres who stayed in the factory were happy for me and busy for me. I specially invited my mother from Luang to support the confinement, and my wife exchanged the chicken and eggs for a gold ring that had accumulated for many years. I have a monthly salary of 54.5 yuan, and I travel a lot. I have a lot of expenses. My family has one wife and three daughters. My life is already very urgent. But when I saw the birth of my child, I was comforted and bitter.

In 1963, people’s lives improved. First, policies were good, and second, “small freedom” played a major role. Farmers are allowed to plant on their own land. Farmers quickly switched from solving hunger to food and clothing. Besides, there is a material supply market, which gradually eases everyone’s life.

Work in the rural work team of the county party committee

After the immigration work was completed, I was transferred to the county party committee rural work team as the captain. At the beginning of this year, the county was divided into Zhuoyang, Fengpu and Dajia communes. I was sent to Suyang Brigade of Hetang Commune to transform the backward teams.

This brigade has weak teams, scattered villages, and large differences in natural and economic conditions between the plains and the mountains. The so-called backwardness means that we can’t manage it, we can’t manage it, and production cannot develop. The four of us lived in teams and stationed our troops in the village to share the pains and pains with the peasants. They secretly took the product and formed a team. They were turned over within a year, and the peasants and their superiors were satisfied.

Two girls go to Shen

In September of this year, the second female Guangqin (who was seven years old) followed my brother-in-law to study in Shenyang. First, my sister has no children, and there is only one adopted son, Zhenkai. Second, my family has more burdened children, and the little girl is very sensible and willing to leave. Since then, Xiaoqin has been studying and working in Shenyang and started a family.

These three years of difficulty finally came through. Everyone thinks that the three-year hardship is a three-point natural disaster and a seven-point human disaster, which is caused by the negative effects of the “three red flags”. In the past 60 years, the Soviet Union took the opportunity to force debts and withdrew experts. But the Chinese people are good. They have no wrongdoings except grievances. They starve to death. No one goes to petitions, marches, riots and confrontations. Chinese leadership is also wise. Chairman Mao took responsibility for the public review within and outside the party, and resigned from the post of national chairman, leaving Liu Shaoqi as the national chairman.

It is said that during difficult times, Mao, Liu, Zhu, Zhou, and the Politburo Standing Committee members do not eat pork, and all share their hardships with employees in the cafeteria. This is the correctness of the central government. Leaders lead by example. The Communist Party corrects mistakes and overcomes difficulties by its strength, And lead the people forward. All party cadres are loyal to the party, clean and honest, and inseparable from suffering with the people.

For this reason, the Communist Party of China deserves to be a great, glorious, and correct Communist Party.

(7) The “Four Cleansing” Movement of Socialist Education

In the spring of 1964, I was assigned a typical job by the county committee assigned to the Hetang Commune Western Brigade and Xu Tianbao, vice-county magistrate, and others.

Xiyang is a famous village in the Dadong area, with a population of more than 3,000, and good fields, mountains, forests, and water. At the end of the year, afforestation was rated as an advanced unit in East China, and the collective economy was relatively developed. You must be creative in working in advanced units, and you can’t just live by.

In May and June, the Soviet Union Khrushchev came to power, and as soon as he came into power, he forced China to rebel against US military aid. The unilateral withdrawal of experts led to the suspension of many aid construction projects.

China’s second set of RMB 2, 3, and 5 yuan were printed in the Soviet Union due to historical conditions. After the Sino-Soviet relations were tense, they used the old-style counterfeit banknotes to disrupt China and undermine economic construction. Our central government immediately decided to take back Soviet-made coins across the country. In three days, the Western Brigade opened a mass meeting and all of them were exchanged for one-to-one exchange. It’s a pity that I didn’t dare to stay at that time. If I can collect a few photos, it is now precious.

By July, I was appointed vice president of Hetang Commune, presided over the second national census, and by October the province organized a rural socialist education task force to carry out “clear ideology, politics, economy, and organization In the “Siqing” working group of the campaign, I was fighting with a large group of men and horses, and I was transferred together with the secretary of the commune Xie Tongyuan. Xie was promoted to be the head of the rural work department of the county party committee and went to engage in social education as the head of the branch. Jiang County is concentrated, and the work of the commune is temporarily presided over by Yu Shenyi.

My family just moved into the residence in July, everything was rusty, I left everything to be borne by the wife, it is difficult for their mother and daughter.

Gutian was under the jurisdiction of the Minhou District at that time and engaged in social education with the Fuan District to form a general working group, with Wu Hongxian, deputy secretary of the provincial party committee, as the head of the general head. Gutian recruited more than 300 backbones and more than 200 activists transferred from the countryside to form a working group. The deputy secretary of the county party committee Guan Yueting was responsible for the distribution in the Guantou Commune. Our team was led by the county military committee political commissar Lu Gang. As the deputy captain, assigned to Zhuqi Brigade.

The official head is the exit of the Minjiang River, with the famous Longmen Fort and Qingzhi Temple, close to Fuzhou, and also the hometown of overseas Chinese and fish and rice.

One month after the training camp in the county, the task force stationed in various places to carry out work, and promoted the “Ten Articles” to the masses according to the regulations of the central government, and the rural “four unclear” problems that occurred in the pilot area of ​​Baoding, Hebei. It not only hinders the development of productive forces, but also endangers the political power. Therefore, it must be carried out in phases and batches throughout the country to resolve the contradictions between the existing people and the contradictions between ourselves and the enemy. Solve both political and economic problems to achieve the purpose of consolidating political power and developing production.

As soon as the team entered the village, they avoided the original cadres in power, and they went to live and eat for the poor peasants ’homes. After clearing the situation, the original cadres were used in batches.

After mobilizing the masses, grasping the first-hand materials and calculating the accounts, and producing the evidence, the cadres organized to explain their problems, and the name was: “Go downstairs.” After the masses approve, the cadres who have no problem are called “liberation” and can work out. Generally, they clear the political thought first, the economy later, and then all kinds of organizations. Finally, they leave the team after passing the qualifications. A brigade works for about six months.

The so-called Siqing is actually another cadre movement. I have been to the Lianjiang, Fuqing, Changle, and Fuqing teams for more than two years. It wasn’t ordered to retreat until the end of 1966 when the nation’s Cultural Revolution was launched. In the past two years or so, only after completing a batch, they went home for 10 days and reunited with their families. Normally, they were not allowed to ask for leave. At that time, it was stipulated that “social education” personnel were treated like military soldiers, and their families enjoyed the same treatment as military soldiers. Most of the team members are in the coastal area. Each team has more than a dozen people. They live a collective life and maintain a serious style. They are not allowed to enter the members’ home alone, and they are not allowed to go to the street to eat snacks or watch movies. They are mainly afraid of being corroded.

Yu Shencong, who is in charge of work in Hetang, is a wife who is afraid of no principle. His wife is bullying my family. He is indulgent and silent. Many cadres are uncomfortable and very opinionated. He let it go. The county arranged a social office job for my wife, which was also robbed by his wife. Fortunately, the “Cultural Revolution” began, and his wife’s life would not be easy. By the 1980s, he and his wife had all returned to heaven, and no one even held a memorial service.

summary

Social education is the whole grassroots cadres. They do n’t leave their jobs and only subsidize their work points. They do n’t have wages. The vast majority of them have good backgrounds. They are loyal to the party, work hard to complain, serve the people, pay little, and make little profit. Due to the instability of national policies, when cadres inevitably offend some people, because there are many movements, they are often the object of being rectified. In the end, there is nowhere to complain, and the family members are affected by the grievances. We must consider our hearts. It is important to look at the overall situation and the general direction, and do n’t make a stern move and insist on proceeding from reality. This will also make fewer mistakes.

(8) Ten years of the Cultural Revolution

In May 1966, Chairman Mao Zedong decided to launch the Cultural Revolution. The full name of the Cultural Revolution is “to carry out the Proletarian Cultural Revolution” or “Cultural Revolution” for short. This revolution was initiated and led by Chairman Mao himself and is an unprecedented revolutionary movement. The Party Central Committee issued a “5.16” notice that from the central government to localities, from cities to rural areas, a huge flame of the Cultural Revolution was burning in the land of China.

In the beginning, he pointed directly at the cultural and art circles. Because of fear of incomplete rebellion, Chairman Mao met with the “Red Guards” organized by students from various schools in Tiananmen Square in Beijing for twelve times during the six months. Tandem revolution rebellion. By October, Chairman Mao personally wrote a large-character newspaper “Bombard Bourgeois Command-My Large-character Newspaper”, which praised the rebellious spirit of Peking University Nie Yuanzi. So far, big-character newspapers from all over the country came to the fore, and bombardment of the bourgeois headquarters appeared everywhere. At this time, almost no one was a proletariat headquarters. All kinds of rumors, out of nothing, and catching the wind and the shadows appeared on the big-character newspaper “Bombing”. They were right and wrong. People, holding Chairman Mao’s quotations and following Chairman Mao, shouting that the quotations will not leave your hands all day long, long live not to leave your mouth, and promote the creationism everywhere. Students suspend classes, factories stop, traffic is paralyzed, and the country is in chaos. Chairman Mao said, “The chaos is good, the enemy is chaotic.”

At first, everyone did not understand the Cultural Revolution, but soon they turned from smashing the “four olds” to fighting veteran cadres and bombarding the bourgeois headquarters of the party and government leaders at all levels. At this time, everyone was already in danger, unable to preside over work independently, and living in peace. With the expansion of criticism of veteran cadres, institutions at all levels have been paralyzed, and various regions are in anarchy.

At the end of this year, her daughter Xiaoling was only one year old, and her mother was arranged to work in the county paper mill. She also gave Xiaoling to him because the Ye Mingcheng and his wife were eager to hold a girl to pass on the heirs.

The struggle between the rebels and the power grabs

After the Shanghai rebels seized the party and government leadership of the municipal party committee in January 1967, all parts of the country were seized by the rebels within a few days. The so-called seizure of power means that several of them have received notice from the above people, suddenly and fiercely gather the authorities (leaders at all levels and ministries), publicly ask you to give him the official seal, and the office location is affixed with their seals to announce From now on, they will be in power, and those in power will concentrate on learning and explain the issue of “anti-party and anti-socialism” one after another.

Because the seizures did not unite all the rebels to seize power, only a few people acted, which caused the dissatisfaction of the rebels who did not participate in the seizure of power, and they all posted statements declaring that their seizure of power was invalid, causing a great split.

Gutian’s emergence of power seizures was dominated by the Red Guards in the old area, which was later renamed “1.26 rebels”, that is, the power seizures took place on January 26. Other rebel organizations have joined forces to oppose the seizure of power. Then there were civil wars all over the country, which developed from a tongue battle to a real battle with real swords and real guns. Their struggle against the regime in power has also changed from fighting to fighting, using viciously wearing a high hat, hanging a wire and wooden sign to show the public, and engaging in “jet”. Some people reported private enmity and were severely beaten to death. Some set up private prisons and sent out private indignation. The whole country was in chaos.

At this time, the Central Army sent in to support the revolutionary left. By June and July, guns and ammunition were snatching the People’s Liberation Army everywhere in the country. Many places the People’s Liberation Army indulged them to snatch them. Large-scale fighting nationwide began everywhere. For example, there were millions of heroes fighting in Wuhan.

I returned to the original unit from the end of the social education at the end of 66. At the time of social education, the working group already had a Red Guards rebellion organization called the “Field Corps”, which was dominated by activists of social education. Hetang also has many student Red Guards, poor middle peasant Red Guards, Red Guards of the Retreat Corps, and other organizations. From the “four olds”, the bullfighting, the ghost and the snake god “wealth and corruption”, and then turned to corrupt and corrupt cadres, because they violate The people’s interests are more infuriated, such as fighting against the No. 1 “Boar” Li Moumou and the No. 2 “Boar” Huang Moumou.

Their goals were the same at first, but by the time of 1.26 nights they seized power and split the two major groups. In the beginning, the rebels thought that I had not been in Hetang for a long time, had great work achievements, and had great prestige. They all wanted to win my support for them. When they do n’t get it, they adopt the strategy of “I ca n’t get it or let you get it”. When I lost the use-value, I criticized me, but there was no content in seven fights and eight fights, so no one participated. Later, I was organized to study classes and explain the problems too many authorities (the party committee members, deputy presidents and people with “leaders” in various departments), and then forced me to move out of the commune dormitory to rent out houses live. In April, spring cultivation was very busy, and I was asked to go to the countryside to take charge of a piece of the Western Ocean (including Song, Shuang, and Su Yang) to grasp the revolution and promote production.

Combat upgrade

By July, the martial arts of the county had been upgraded, and the traffic was completely paralyzed without vehicles. Seize power and guard the county, and organize a large number of farmers carrying bamboo poles to fight, the name is “defense to seize power.” The opposition retreated to Luohua, bordered by the West Bridge, and both sides built bunker fences, separated by wire fences. The seizures arrested the opposition and locked them in “Red Construction Engineering”, that is, building a company office building now, suspending criticism, and isolating the news.

I have always been against them for making a public objection to seizing power, and have become the object of their arrest. One day I was in the “Ocean of China” in Xiyang Village to help produce the early rice harvest in June. When I came back to the club resident to eat at noon, the correspondent Yu Shen told me to go to the club turret to take a nap, saying it was cold, and then locked the door. At about two o’clock, the brigade department stopped two trucks for about an hour and drove away. Late in the afternoon, Yu Shenzheng said to me when he came to open the door lock. He was sent to grab you and was deceived to say that you were in the morning. Go to Songyang and Shuangyang and only a few days will come back. Because Yu Shen is the most seizing power, of course they will believe it.

Why should he love me? One is that he is against nonsense, and the other is that I have class feelings because of my good relationship. After dinner, he used a bicycle to escort me to the house in Hetang, so I avoided a disaster. I am very grateful in my life.

The next day I went to the commune and asked why the incumbent Liu Zhongsheng came to arrest me. He reasoned that he did not know. I have a different opinion from Liu Zhongsheng, but in the past I was a colleague, and he respected me, and the relationship was okay. In Hetang, it can be said that he is the leader of the seizure of power, and I am the leader of the opposition. We have reached an agreement to “maintain local security, and the two sides will not engage in looting and snatching.” We can sit together and study issues related to production.

He knows well that I have a certain appeal and ability to organize activities. When the fighting was fierce, he came back from the county and said to me: “Hu Shengfu is the leader of the fighting force who has a gun in his hand. He will find a chance to poison you. You must avoid him, you can’t go to the county alone … … "

Hu Shengfu is from the Fengzhu Brigade of the Panyang Commune. His father belonged to the rich peasant group. In 57 years, he was arrested because of food shortages and a large amount of hidden food was revealed by his son-in-law Zhang Yiwei. He was sentenced to four years in prison. He died in service. At that time, I was responsible for the work of a community in Fengzhu, so I had a feud to kill my father. It’s still good to see. Such a malicious person is injured in the leg in a fight, which is really evil.

A thrilling event

In August of this year, the guns of a garrison class in Hetang Commune were also taken away by the seizures.

That night I was on duty in the commune. When I went to the kitchen and saw two old cooks cooking a lot of food, I asked, what is it? Answer: It was handled by the people of the armed forces. At that time, the whole country was supported by the People’s Liberation Army and the place where the Armed Forces took power.

When I returned to the room upstairs, I saw Yu Shenzhu and his son-in-law Wei Ganchuan in her room. When I saw me, they called me to chat. Half an hour later, the guard on duty at the door fired several shots. We said that there were situations where the back door left, but there were a large number of peasants stopped under the stairs. They said: “We are the people in the old area borrowing guns from the People’s Liberation Army.” Only then did they understand that it was the seizure of power. After the gun was captured, the squad went away quickly, and the military was stationed in Danyang, Lianjiang.

The three of us returned to the gate and left the commune. About half an hour later, they loaded the robbed things into the car and drove back to Gutian. At this time, I went back to the club together with Wei Gan from the outside. I saw that there was a wolf in the club. The cash was robbed. At this time, no one from the Armed Forces was present. It turned out that they had a command post outside. When the seized car was driven to Fengmei Pavilion, they were intercepted by the rebels. The whole society investigated who communicated the “information”, and finally caught the staff of the post office to the county and beat him to death.

At around 2 o’clock that night, there were two soldiers, one was the squad leader. They were soldiers of the 29th Army North Fujian Headquarters. They did not support the left mission. The permanent presence in Hetang is an enemy mission, which is familiar to us. They came down from Mount Houmen to hold two pistols and a submachine gun. They decided to chase the troops. We both think it is wrong: it will cause a big disaster. After consultation, the two short guns were taken by them in their bags, and the submachine guns were buried on the ceiling of the room where they lived. There were two clips with 100 rounds. They were camouflaged with rotten and dirty things and kept by us. By daybreak, people everywhere knew that they were the People’s Liberation Army who had their guns taken away. No one would take his guns again. It was only when the central government ordered the collection of rebel guns at the end of the year. At the time, we were in great danger. If the seizures knew that we would be beaten to death.

It was later learned that this time the county armed forces informed the seizure of power that the platoon of soldiers in Pingnan passed by Hetang tonight and returned to Lianjiang. So they decided to seize the gun, who knew it was too early, the platoon had not yet arrived, they rushed in and seized the garrison’s gun, which was later revealed by them internally.

Scramble for Sugiyo Commune

After the county was divided into two major factions, the Shanyang Commune was guarded by the opposition, and the seizures were angry, thinking that the neck leading to Ningde was stuck, and tried every possible means to solve it. So he decided to attack Sugiyo. One night, a large number of people and horse vehicles from Bridge, Zhuoyang, and Gutian gathered on Hetang Street, preparing to attack Shanyang. They used the vehicle to transport the horse to the “saddle head”, and then walked around Shanyang to blow up the city with a bomb when it was dawn. Gate, concentrated their forces to attack the opposition headquarters, the Shanyang Club. At the moment, the guns and guns fought like a first-class battle. The opposition evacuated without reply. They announced the “Sangyang Liberation” in about an hour and asked the opposition to use the tweeter. Surrender, but others were arrested and beaten.

In the county town, both sides used propaganda loudspeakers to propagate and scold each other. One time the power grabs were attacked and the power grabs stationed on the Meteorological Observatory Hill were killed. There are so many small battles like two shots. The fighting in the country did not stop until the central government ordered the seizure of firearms, and the country did not know how many people died.

“Revolutionary Committee”

In September 1968, the superior sent a force to support the left, preparing to establish a county “revolutionary committee.” It happened that Huang Hexing, the battalion commander of this unit, was from Jiangsu Province. He was my captain when teaching at Dongzhang She in Fuqing in the second half of 1966. We have a good relationship. He went to Gutian Zhizuo and lived in the county governor’s building. A few days later, he asked me to go to see him in person, and he actually reported Gutian.

After the establishment of the County Revolutionary Committee in November, the communes were set up accordingly. As a representative of revolutionary cadres, I participated in the “three-in-one” team and became a standing committee. But for only 18 days of integration, the superior said that the unit was crooked and was removed, and Qiu Hengzhang was sent as director. My short-term standing committee was also removed and announced at the cadre study class meeting of the Hetang Third Middle School. Then they celebrated the victory, marched and demonstrated, and made a scene.

In March of the following year, I entered the factional study class run by Gu Yi Middle School as a key critical review object. The establishment of the Gutian County Revolutionary Committee actually changed the joint power control to the faction of one faction, and the left-handed forces openly collapsed, suppressing the other faction through legal means. Xie Tongyuan, the head of the opposition, was arrested and put in prison. Because of our good relationship, they vigorously grasped the criticism of those who had a relationship with Xie. After coming down, he was put back to the original unit in July and went to the “Party Party” pass. A few days before I entered the study class, I saw the situation, which was very serious and very unfavorable to me, so I asked my younger brother to help and withdraw my home to Fengpu to stay temporarily, so that they would not be affected.

At that time, I thought that the power seizures had beaten me into a counter-revolutionary, which was not enough, but it was possible that the fight would be expelled and returned to my hometown. At that time, I was able to beg a ticket to go home on my face. Place first.

After returning from the study class, I started to join the party and held a meeting of more than 200 people at the three-level expansion meeting of the production team leader and above in the whole society. There was no way to take me, so I had to close the game.

By the spring of 1969, it was announced that I would be decentralized to the Panyang Brigade of the Shanyang Commune and work with the three decentralized people in the province while working. In the second year, he was transferred back to Liyang Brigade. During the decentralization, we got along well with the educated youths who went to the mountains and villages, and they felt like they were cheated.

Lin Biao fled on September 13. After the plane crashed in the Honduran Khan incident in Mongolia, the situation gradually began to improve. Decentralized cadres worked together as propaganda teams to announce the criticism of Lin Biao ’s counter-revolutionary group. In 1971, because of my mother ’s stomach cancer, she was asked to return to work in the Fengpu area of ​​Pinghu several times, but Chen Qidang, the leader of the seizure of power, refused to let go of the personnel authority. I transferred to Panyang, lived in Xinhua Brigade, and worked with Wu Yang, the director of the Provincial Overseas Chinese Office.

Jianshui Hydropower Station

Later, under the care of the commune secretary Ye Mingcheng, I was asked to go to the commune to build the Houlu Hydropower Station. With no funds and no equipment, I relied on uniting peasants, working hard, and working hard for a year, and installed a 125-kilowatt hydropower station. During the construction of the station, I ate and lived on the construction site. I did many things by myself. I drove a large 20-type tractor to the county to pull cement and steel. I begged materials from Sun Yu, an old superior of the Gutianxi three-level power plant. The peasant said, “Without Su Weizhong, there would be no such hydropower station, and the rebels are not as good as the powers.”

With the development of electric power, I helped them to set up a saw board factory, a farm machinery repair factory, a paper mill, and develop a tea mountain, open a simple road, so that the sound of the machine was heard in the Panyangshan ditch, the sound of the car was heard, and it was clicked. The appearance of electric lights has changed a lot.

The commune also gave me some rewards after seeing the results-arranging his wife to be a cashier in a social enterprise.

In 1974, when I was in Xiyang, Shanxi, I went to visit Dazhai in Agriculture. When my eldest daughter graduated from high school and went to the countryside, I arranged for a local teacher to be a private teacher. Both factions in the commune are witnessed-“Old Su Zhen can do it.”

Dazhai

Dazhai is a call from Chairman Mao, and cadres across the country have organized cadres to study and visit Dazhai. It is also an honor for those who can go. I went as a third group of people.

It was in late September 1974. About one hundred people from the four communes of Panyang, Pinghu, Fengdu, and Eyang went. The two people dispatched by the various agencies departed two days in advance, and took the only Beijing express from Fuzhou to Jinan to get off, booked a room, bought a ticket to Yangquan, and left a large number of people to arrive the next day. The arrangement at Yangquan Station is left, and then two people will be left to receive. The others will go to Xiyang, and then arrange to eat, live, and visit the schedule.

The natural conditions of Dazhai are very poor, with no trees growing in the mountains, no water in the fields, large wind and sand, and harsh natural conditions. They have changed their natural conditions with the spirit of self-reliance, hard work, and fear of hardship and death, and have created miracles. Their behavior is great. Comrade Chen Yonggui led the peasants to create miracles on earth.

We study it mainly because of hard work and self-reliance. Later, it was another tool used by Jiang Qing and others to engage in political struggles.

So far, I still think that Dazhai entrepreneurship is worth learning. However, in the late period of the Cultural Revolution, people were popular: “Agriculture to study Dazhai, eat Zhaizhai to make naphthalene, no money to borrow from the bank, no rice to grain storage (back).” This is a distortion of Dazhai.

End the visit on October 3 and leave Dazhai to play in Beijing. We are still in advance for the advance team, we go to Beijing one day in advance to arrange accommodation, find the College of Geology through relations in Beijing, suitable for emigration, leaving a lot of space, rented from the Haidian District Guest House to be accommodated.

First time in the capital Beijing

I have been playing in Beijing for more than ten days, mainly to visit places of interest and to buy supplies. Everyone has come for the first time in the capital of the motherland for half a lifetime of life and life yearning. Why not make people excited and happy? They all feel glorious to enter Beijing.

During my stay in Beijing, I visited Zhang Meixia and his wife who had worked together in Yuyuan and later transferred to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She was the person who introduced me to the party. After a long time of reunion, I said nothing. I lived in her house and listened to her husband and wife about the situation of the capital’s cultural revolution. They also visited the professors Yu Zebo and Jiang Deai of Peking University.

Then I went to Shenyang alone to visit my sister and daughter, and the whole family of Aunt Fushun. By the end of October, Shenyang had three heavy snowfalls, and then took a boat from Dalian to Shanghai to go back to Gutian.

Deng Xiaoping’s second comeback

In the spring of 1976, with the death of Premier Zhou Enlai and Chairman Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping returned to preside over the work of the Central Committee. I was also appointed as the deputy secretary of the Party Committee of Panyang Commune and the deputy director of the Revolutionary Committee to preside over the overall work. The original secretary Ye Mingcheng entered the class.

Who knows, the good times don’t last long, and in the second half of the year there will be another “right-turning case wind”. It is said that we are rectifying “landlords returning to their hometowns” to counterattack and count down. It is the “Ki Zi Shou” who suppressed the rebels led by Deng Xiaoping, and then turned us into the study class again. We entered the class to accept criticism and introspection called “turning”. I want to preside over half a year’s work. Now I’m going to prepare for a year of fighting. Like the old society’s landlord’s loan usury, “call the bullhead pair and kick again,” and benefit from Gary.

We concentrated on the very consolidated position of the seizure of power in the county-Hubin Commune.

At this time, my third daughter, Guang Ping, was reluctant to pay a penny and traveled to the No. 1 middle school in a tractor. He overturned and was seriously injured in the hospital. I was only allowed to go back to work after being approved for placement. I couldn’t feel guilty for doing my father’s duty. Rely on her mother’s care during treatment.

By the time he graduates from high school in July, he has to go to the mountains and go to the countryside to join the team in Landou village.

When Chairman Mao passed away on September 9, and the “gang of four” was overthrown in October, I turned over and took charge of the work of the Panyang Commune. Ye Mingcheng and they went to the class for review.

My relationship with Ye Mingcheng

I have a family relationship with Ye Mingcheng, and the little girl gave him his son. Although we are relatives, our views are different. For a long time, no one can convince anyone, and each is a leader. Working together will inevitably be said to be “peaceful coexistence.” In that particular era, “coexistence” will be doubted by the leaders of both sides. When checking the “Gang of Four” people and affairs in 1977, the county party secretary Kang Tongqiang asked me to talk to me individually and said, “I’m afraid you will not be cruel when checking, and the investigation is not good. Go to another place to work.” So I transferred to the Dajia Commune to preside over the work. Only half a year later, I was formally appointed as the secretary of the Party Committee and the director of the Revolutionary Committee.

Seeon loses his horse-light tolerance misses his chance to become a college student

At the end of this year, the cannery in the region opened to recruit workers. I quickly recruited the eldest daughter, who had been on the mountain for many years, into the countryside. At the time, the idea was to let her leave the countryside quickly, and the first batch of jobs was something that everyone could not ask for. Who knows that the second year began to recruit workers, peasants, and soldiers, but my daughter, who is very likely to study, was not qualified to be a worker, peasant and soldier undergraduate because she had already recruited workers into town.

This decision changed her life’s destiny. She is still treated as an employee, and the people who are worse than her are college students. Under the protection of Deng Xiaoping’s third comeback policy in the 1980s, both big and small became officials. Under the revolution, knowledge, youth, and specialization, it is really destiny to find college students from the roster to serve as leaders at all levels.

After smashing Jiang Qing, Zhang Chunqiao, Wang Hongwen, and Yao Wenyuan’s “gang of four” in October 1976, a large-scale investigation was conducted at all levels to investigate the people and affairs involved in the two counter-revolutionary groups headed by Jiang Qing and Lin Biao. The Gutian seizure group did the same bad things as the national seizure group, and was subject to censorship like the “gang of four”. This time they failed completely. Then several criminals were sentenced from the central government to the provinces and counties, announcing the end of the Cultural Revolution.

summary

The decade of the Cultural Revolution initiated by Chairman Mao was wrong. During the Cultural Revolution, the two factions fought relentlessly against veteran cadres, and brutally persecuted many people to death, causing the national economy to come to the brink of collapse. Two counter-revolutionary groups, Jiang and Lin, appeared. The loss was unprecedented. Everyone’s evaluation of Chairman Mao was: the state-owned merits were created, the construction was wrong, and the Cultural Revolution had it. But it still excels.

What I described here is a process of personal experience. The Gutian people used the Gutian dialect to say that the Cultural Revolution was: “Chairman Mao ’s medal was gold and gold, and the students were connected to Beijing. Do the real question alone (bad) Gutiancheng bamboo carrying row on the street (referring to the peasant holding a penny in the city’s martial arts) “.

Working experience in Dajia

Dajia, located in the most remote mountainous area of ​​Gutian, is known as “Siberia” of Gutian. The transportation is inconvenient, the information is blocked, and the natural conditions are extremely poor. It is an alpine zone. There are mountains and grass, and there is no stone. It is dry on a sunny day and flooded on a rainy day. People live very hard. They can eat sweet potato rice all year round. The dividend value of the production team is more than 5-7 cents a day.

How to open up the situation when working in such backward places? When I took office, the ideological struggle was very complicated and fierce. In the end, “I have come, and I will settle down”, determined to do something and create a good reputation. So in the first few months of taking office, he got rid of ideological interference and sent the original people to work in the investigation and other tasks. What you think.

After an in-depth investigation and detailed analysis, I have mastered many first-hand materials, which provide a basis for future decision-making and do not fight the battle without preparation. In terms of employment, we should eliminate interference from factions, boldly use useful talents, and unite and use people who can handle things, and be supported by the masses.

Later, the superior clearly stated that the principle of unity should be united except for a few smashing and looting elements. I turned to those who could only shout slogans, those who saw the wind and rudders, and who were fascinated by their factions and gradually fell aside. Then, the backbone of the seizure of power, Xie Fumei, the wife of Zhou Daochun who was called down by me, and Fu Yunyu, who had served as the county magistrate, all talked to them one by one to understand their ideas and actively help them solve some problems and difficulties. For example, after a long-term review by the Xie Fumei couple, her daughter went mad, Fu Yunyu left home for a long time, and there was no news at home in Xianyou. I would allow him to take leave to go back to rest. After returning, they actively worked.

I do this to take risks, but I want more people to see that it is time to develop production and solve the problem of spending money on meals. They can no longer fight civil wars and consume power; power is in the hands of the people, and the hearts of the people move together …

I can explain a few examples of the backwardness of the big armor.

When I went to the country to go to the village, I saw with my own eyes that a woman took some eggs and exchanged salt with the employees of the supply and marketing cooperative. When I went to the farmer’s house, I saw that the poor people only had sweet potato rice on their desktops, drinking tea, and water.

Listening to the villagers telling a historical story, the main idea is: there is a farmhouse, relatives came, the mother borrowed half a liter of white rice from other people to cook for the guests, the guests dropped a grain of rice after eating, two little brothers Fighting to grab a meal. Later, my mother divided a grain of rice into two halves, and each half solved the problem.

Another thing is that the state loans do not dare to use it, but take part of the grain sales and cheap fertilizers to sell the high-priced money and then buy the remaining food and fertilizer, production teams. This method is called “saw with a hoe.” Drilling a hole. "

A young man said that his mother was ill and had no money for medical treatment. He came to me and ran for two days. Later, the cadres who went to the countryside with me granted him five yuan for relief. It was enough. I gave five yuan from him. Thanksgiving is endless …

After a deep understanding in the winter, after the Spring Festival in the second year, I convened a meeting of cadres above the production team leader, using specific examples to persuade everyone to vigorously develop production, and mobilize them to calculate a specific account with the purchase price: use the low-interest loans provided by the state to buy par For chemical fertilizers, how many kilograms of grain can be increased per chemical fertilizer, and how much money can be obtained by selling high prices.

They were awake by accounting. We boldly propose repairing water conservancy reservoirs to solve crop rotation due to drought based on the water shortage characteristics of Dajia, proposing road and tractor roads to solve traffic inconvenience; proposing measures such as village closure and mountain repair, hydropower station repair, etc., and gradually implementing them. After a year of hard work, grain production has increased significantly and the people have benefited.

In the third year, I personally went to the former Peach Brigade to get three packs to the group and divided a production team into groups of several households to produce. This year, poverty has been lifted by more than half. The county party committee held a live meeting in Dajia. Unfortunately, the leaders were afraid and only dare not to promote it by default.

At the end of the year, the central government came to a document to promote the joint production contract responsibility system by households, and at the same time, it divided Moriyama into household management. When the peasants shouted “Chairman Hu Yuegang, dividing fields and mountains”, the county leaders said that Su Weizhong was still a little farsighted and opened it up a year earlier. I said that in the 1950s, I had contracted production to the households and was criticized. However, practice has proved that to solve the problem of peasants’ rich and poor, we must go this way. Why don’t we let peasants be the masters when we are behind?

In the five years before and after Dajia, in addition to increasing production and income every year, he also led the organization to repair a road from Dajia to the forest farm and 13 kilometers away from Piyuan Stream. Repaired road. Ten kilometers from Dajia to Chayang and Linfeng was mined by farmers doing voluntary work. A 150-kilowatt hydroelectric power plant was built in Keling area, which can collect more than 200,000 yuan of electricity fee every year, and solved the electricity consumption problem of the five brigades of the road. The farmer said: “It’s really convenient to have electricity”.

Repair a large area of ​​dry land in Dajia Village by repairing a Type II reservoir in Baiyang.

In short, the results came out. But the person became thin, the disease came, and got a gallstone disease.

In 1978, when Vietnam invaded our border, Deng Xiaoping ordered that the People’s Liberation Army break into Hanoi for more than ten days, and China took the initiative to withdraw its troops to teach the aggressors. The Chinese are angry. My eldest son, Guangbin, joined the army at the age of 17 this winter.

In 1978, as the chief designer of China, Deng Xiaoping proposed to emancipate the mind and began to engage in reform and opening up to bring the country into a new stage, and our work also entered a new turning point.

With the support of the Pinghu Party Committee and the people in my hometown, I built a civil-structured house on the back gate of my old home in Pinghu Street to solve the problem of the second-generation people living without houses. After smashing the “gang of four”, there was no increase in wages for 20 years, and a nationwide fund transfer was started. In the third year, I raised it again. In these two times, I raised the third level to the administrative level of 19. The price is stable, and I can accumulate some money. In addition to the work of the two big daughters, the private sector also accumulates some money. As a result of the hardships during the Cultural Revolution, the couple decided to tighten their belts to save food and to use a home. In one year, it cost three to five thousand dollars to build the house. Then Guangguang and Guangping got married in a new house one year apart.

(9) Reform and opening up, banking work for eleven years

On June 15, 1983, the Provincial People’s Bank appointed me as President of Gutian County People’s Bank. Since then, 31 years of rural grassroots work and life have ended.

I went to work in the bank at the beginning of reform and opening up. Co-production contracting is generally implemented in rural areas, and urban industry, commerce, and enterprises are brewing the word “package” into the city. Many jobs cannot be handled according to the original rules, and the new system has not been established. In Deng Xiaoping’s words, it is called “crossing the river by touching stones”. ,

When reporting, the secretary of the commune is a cadre in charge of land management. He must first go through the formalities in the organization department of the local committee and then report to the local people’s bank. It was very grand that day, and the regional pedestrian bank added four more paying presidents. The head of the personnel department met at the meeting to introduce the characteristics of the work and explain the tasks. In the evening, a banquet was held to catch the wind.

Banks are the main lifeblood of the national economy and the barometer of the socio-economic. It should be elegant, quiet, civilized and comfortable. Due to the fact that the factional surpluses leftover from the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution in the past decade has not been eliminated, this office building on Cross Street and in the center of the city is very uncivilized and unquiet. The internal struggle is still fierce and there is no unity at all. The old president is retired. President Fu is the leader of the rebels. Without the ability to catch work, he can only call out slogans and mess up and use them. The employees were in a low mood, and they were suspicious of each other. When working, everybody was face-to-face and did not ask each other, and went home immediately after work. There is no human touch between people.

At the same time, the relationship with the Agricultural Bank of China over the lawsuit was tense. The office building was built by “satellite release” (i.e. bragging) during immigration. It is a dangerous building. The provincial bank allocated funds to rebuild it. The first floor of the building was demolished. In the impression of the provincial pedestrians, “Gutian people can do bad things if they have money”, and are ready to withdraw their appropriations.

When I took office, I didn’t have a house to live in, but there were two or three people in the row, and I couldn’t let it out. I had to personally borrow an old house from the Agricultural Bank of China to live in the county government guest house. My youngest son, Guangxi, was admitted to Gutian No. 1 Middle School, attended high school, and lived with me. In such a situation, it is no wonder that the provincial and local leaders asked the district committee to send cadres to become presidents. The bank is a vertical leader, and it only asks for people when it is a last resort.

According to the higher-level deployment, the first task is to build a strong team, start a business quickly, and build the office building. After a period of practice, Wu Lanting, a foreigner who graduated from the Changchun Bank School in the 1950s, was chosen as the governor. The rebels were transferred away, and the middle-level cadres were adjusted. Then carry out in-depth and meticulous rectification education in the whole bank, criticize the danger of factions, eliminate the influence, and unite the vast number of employees. When the leader’s bowl is flat, take the lead and influence everyone with actual actions. The employees also know that the general climate has changed throughout the country, and there is no way out for the factions. After half a year of hard work, the situation has gradually opened up. But there are still some stubborn people who, through the power of their husbands in the county, do not buy my account.

On December 31, as usual, the task of checking the database was carried out at night. The two chiefs of the accountant and the cashier conflicted. The personal struggle was fierce and I did not cooperate. After the mobilization was invalid, I called the local committee’s duty room at 12:30 to wake up Jin Jiandong, the head of the sub-branch. With his support, I strongly criticized the two women’s wives before they executed it. Where, at the executive meeting, the two of them broke up with a private matter and smashed the phone, making the meeting impossible. At this time, instead of “fire fighting”, I severely criticized them for being inferior to rural women, and seriously asked them to write a written review.

The next day, they went to their husbands to tell his wife about the shortcomings and asked to cooperate with education, which had a very good effect.

I had a bad life and worked at the bureau level for decades. I am no older than your husband. With the killing of chickens and monkeys, and the courage to take control, the work is basically on track.

In the eleven years of the bank, the work has achieved success and achieved success in all aspects: various deposits increased by 4.2 times, various loans increased by 2.86 times, and a profit per capita of 120,000 yuan was achieved. During the eleven years, 5 savings outlets were purchased and 1 office building There are 2 staff dormitories with a construction area of ​​more than 7,000 square meters and an investment of 1.65 million yuan, which has greatly improved the staff’s office and living conditions. Many units inside and outside the bank saw the capital, and the funds changed from borrowed to poor. In the two financial crises that occurred in 1988 and 1993, Gutian Branch can not only guarantee the safe opening of the door and pay the payment, but also lend cash to Zhongzhi and Brother Banks. Among the local leaders, Gutian Branch is the key bank. At the meeting, speeches are first, with seats in front.

During the eleven years, the insurance company and the two major institutions of the People’s Bank of China were separated, five deputy-level cadres were trained, more than ten employees were sent to college, and more than ten college and technical secondary school students were enrolled. Increased, and delivered many talents for superiors. There were no cases in the past 11 years. The accounting unit was rated as an advanced unit by the head office. I was also rated as an advanced financial worker and an advanced worker of the China Financial Union by the provincial bank. Six-level cadres. Li Zhentan, the deputy governor of the provincial bank in charge of personnel, came to our bank to talk to me and wanted to promote me to the regional branch as the discipline inspection leader and enjoy the deputy-level treatment. People in Gutian are good at doing things, and they want to separate their husbands and children in the area. The provincial bank also promised to help me solve the son’s affairs. After repeated consideration, he still stayed in Gutian to retire.

In Gutian, my eldest son Guangbin recovered and retired and arranged for a government office to drive. I was transferred to the county insurance company. My youngest son Guangxi graduated and assigned to work in the Huangtian Office of the Construction Bank. To get a place to work in the county ICBC, I originally wanted to arrange the eldest daughter-in-law to the line, but it was impossible, and only a pharmaceutical factory could be arranged. I wanted to work in the Guangping Nanping branch, but she had no choice but to go. The children all have a job and have a bite to eat, which is more important than their promotion.

In 1984, the central government decided to establish ICBC. Originally, the People’s Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China were a set of two brands under the province. The real separation was established in 1986 and was established in batches. Due to the position of the regional branch president, I was not allowed to go to the People’s Bank of China and was left to work in ICBC.

As the country was in a period of great reforms, enterprises originally ate financial big pot rice, and later changed to bank big pot rice, which was then pushed to the market, causing many companies to be uncomfortable. The equipment is backward, the products are slow to sell, the debts are heavy, the steps are difficult, the losses-closure-bankruptcy, the banks are burdened with heavy burdens.

Local government-based doctrines have promulgated debt evasion behaviors for enterprises, resulting in the increasingly prominent contradiction between national interests and local interests, and finally through lawsuits to resolve debts, but banks won the lawsuit and lost funds.

During these eleven years, I have been involved in a lawsuit with the county magistrate and the dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences because of the creditor’s rights. I won the lawsuit against the pressure and got back the funds and interest. I also made concessions.

During 11 years, after experiencing two financial crises in the country, inflation in 1988, currency depreciation, people have withdrawn cash from deposits to maintain value, and holding money for purchase, in three months, my deposits fell by two-thirds, cash There is a shortage, and it is very difficult to even open the door. The hardest day is only 9,000 currency and cash. Frustrated, I went to Fuzhou to seek the help of the Industrial Bank Congnian Section Chief. He and I were placed in the Shanyang Commune at the time of the Cultural Revolution, and they were in trouble. He supported me with 2 million in cash. I took the risk of pulling back from Fuzhou with a special car and unloaded the car at the crossroads door specifically so that the people saw that the bank had a lot of money. Instead of running tight, they ran the unused money from the front and returned to the bank.

I was very powerful, and even the local bankers were surprised. Later, the locals came forward and borrowed money from me to support Xiapu County in solving problems. Everyone felt that Su Weizhong had a strong set of skills and made a great contribution to solving the crisis.

1993 was another critical period. The difference this time was that it was not people running, holding money, and maintaining value. It was the internal chaos in finance, and the money was arbitrarily borrowed out. Most of them were lent to real estate companies, causing land speculation and property speculation. Many houses were idle, bank funds could not be recovered, and there was a bubble economy in China. At this time, the State Council ordered the replacement of the governor of the People’s Bank of China, Li Guixian, which was also served by Vice Premier Zhu Rongji, and was ordered to recover within a time limit. There were more than fifty secondary bank branches that were dismissed due to their inability to recover.

Finance has a great impact on the economy, and it has done a good job of promoting development, otherwise, it will cause damage, which is more severe than others. The two crises are related to central policy.

For eleven years, society was very calm. Bank robbery cases and collusion cases involving banks inside and outside the country are on the rise, posing a great threat to banks. At that time, banks did not have advanced preventive measures, and all depended on the quality and will of the people. When this risk came to the fore, I accumulated a set of successful precautions, so that no case occurred in the past 11 years, a cent of capital and half of the staff and workers, it is very valuable to be able to do this.

In the eleven years, the two shortcomings were the wrong ones. The two vice presidents were wrong. They were promoted by my hand, but they were the ones who revenge. The dog bites and pulls are the people. They have a diploma in common. Machine, flattering. Exhausting the power of bragging, speaking the best words, using the achievements of working hard to make some achievements to install the facade as an asset, once you get on stage and looking for opportunities to climb up, speak in person to the face, speak ghosts in the back, two sides, three swords, insidious It is Lin Biao ’s qualified successor who is very prone to sudden attacks. These people have existed in the past, there are now, and there will be in the future. Kind people must be vigilant.

The effective way is to watch their actions. In the world, Chairman Mao first proposed to solve the successor problem, but this great man turned over the successor problem, from Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao, Wang Hongwen, Hua Guofeng one by one failed. In recent years, it seems that Yeltsin’s election of Putin as his successor was successful.

People with ambitions don’t end well. Although the two vice presidents I mentioned were cunning and changeable, they did not take up their official positions in seven or eight years and stayed where they were. Although they had mixed official positions, they only left for three years and resigned. Afterward, everyone could see through the essence of these people, but after all, they benefited.

In 1993, his youngest son Guangxi married and started a family.

In March 1994, after forty-three years of hard work to serve the people, he retired gloriously. The unit was divided into a set of houses to live. The superior sent a telephone as a souvenir. He dedicated his life to support his children. People are much happier.

The revolutionary career of nearly half a century is the most quintessential period in life, and the contribution to the revolution is to build a foundation for the Republic and start a business. Fifty years have gone through ups and downs, tasted the ups and downs of the world, withstood all kinds of tests, and is worthy of the loyalty to the party and the people. This is the conclusion before the coffin, which is left to the children and grandchildren: “Work diligently and diligently, to live innocently. "

Upon retirement, 100% of those who participated in work before 1952 will be paid a pension.

(X) Happiness in old age

Before I retired, I had certain mental preparations, and I did not feel lost after retirement. A friend said that Lao Su will look better after retirement. Yes, I have a purpose after retirement. In summary, it is called a center, two basic points, three forgets, and four do not participate. This is to focus on physical and mental health, to live a little bit more, to be chicer, to forget all the graces and complaints of the past, to forget the sweetness of all power positions, to forget the age, not to participate in mahjong gambling, not to participate in unhealthy entertainment pornography, not to participate in pseudo-scientific feud Superstition, do not participate in violation of discipline and law. Do what you can and benefit future generations.

I didn’t know how to arrange the time when I just retired. It is also beneficial to chat with many people in the Cross Street Center. One can exchange feelings, two can promote party policies, three can use financial knowledge to explain to people, and four can meet old friends in the countryside.

In 1994 and 1995, there was domestic inflation, prices rose, and a few years later, there was deflation, and many people did not know why. During this period, I have tried my best to promote the pros and cons of interest rate cuts and depreciation, what is stock speculation, how much is borrowing reasonable, and so on. Of course, the elderly are particularly opposed to official corruption and social ugliness in chats. At this time, I would like to remind everyone not to look too much at negatives, not to lose confidence, reduce morale, look at dialectically, and look at the essence of mainstream. As a Communist Party member, you must safeguard the interests of the Party at all times.

After retirement, I lived a happy old age.

Where is happiness?

First, there is a virtuous wife who has been suffering for decades, the old companion. My wife Zeng Shuying is a good wife and a good mother. After marrying me and setting up a family, she didn’t have a good life. I couldn’t take care of my family when I was working outside. She does everything inside and out. In the past, because there were many revolutionary movements, cadres suffered, and family members also got angry. They did not live a good life. They did not have much sweetness and suffered a lot. The salary is low, the cost is high, and there is no extra money. She took the money I sent back and bought rice, oil and supplied fish and meat. Firewood, vegetables, and water cost no money. Children grow up very sensible, never ask their parents for pocket money, pick up rice ears, chop firewood, pick tea leaves, dry them out, earn money to subsidize the family. During the ten years of turmoil in the Cultural Revolution, they also worried about their lives. I can revolutionize and contribute my life to the people, half of the credit for her mother and son. Now she also has a pension, more than 300 yuan per month is at her disposal, pocket money, love money, travel money, and daily expenses are for me to show her comfort.

Second, there is a home full of children and grandchildren. My couple’s hard work was concentrated on their children and grandchildren. Each of the six children has a job, all of them have a family, and they all have a single child. Boss, second, third, all three granddaughter grandsons went to college, and the youngest grandson also went to elementary school. There are three homes in the local area and one in the field. Take turns to see and play in a year. The two sons-in-law are bureau and division level cadres, and one kid is at the bureau level. I was so relieved to see that “the Yangtze River is pushing back the waves, and the new people in the world are super old.” All children and grandchildren are filial. Our family rules without words are: self-supporting portal, economic self-support, festival reunion, and help each other. My house is where everyone gathers. Every year during the holiday season, it is noisy. Sometimes I miss the absence to eat, but I feel uncomfortable.

Third, there are enough retirement pensions. There are more than 1300 yuan per month, and the medical insurance fee is 58 yuan. You don’t have to worry about eating and dressing, and you don’t need children to support you. Early flood protection, not afraid of getting old and poor. In the past, because the country was poor and the monthly wages were low, most of them accumulated to build the country, so that the wages were not raised once in the 20 years before and after the Cultural Revolution. However, since 2000, the bank was changed to an enterprise, so retirees do not enjoy the treatment of administrative personnel. This change changed our destiny and deprived us of our rights. In the past three years (1999-2001), Zhu Rongji became prime minister and greatly increased the salaries of administrative and business personnel, with an average increase of 4 to 500 yuan per person. This is very unreasonable.

Fourth, there is a resting place. It costs 30,000 yuan to buy a unit of 100 square meters for a unit. It has a land certificate and a real estate certificate. It is located in the prosperous section of Cross Street. In addition, the children also have a residence, but the conditions are different. Don’t worry about eating and living, why not be happy?

In the final analysis, without the Communist Party, without my family, without Chairman Mao, we are still struggling in the darkness of the water. From the present point of view, without working out that year, there would be no children and grandchildren living happily now.

End of life, endless struggle

After retiring, the body is still healthy, so you should use the excess heat.

The housing reform in 1996 required me to pay 28,000 yuan in goods, but I accumulated only 26,000 yuan in my life, which was not enough. The new governor saw me having difficulty and asked me to borrow a little money. I said that I would be laughed at when I went to a loan. Later, he borrowed several thousand yuan from his children to make up. Since then, I have been nervous, and there will be no disease in the future. What should I do? No matter how good the children are, they can’t be hydrolyzed.

By 1997, my brother-in-law and my younger brother had been doing red koji business in Shunchang for many years. Because of the backward technical equipment, they were not able to compete with others. At this time, they were interested in buying at Yuyuan and asked me to participate. This year, I went to the Northeast and North China for half a day, and expanded the customer service.

Since 1998, I have officially operated as a joint-stock company. Each year is responsible for the purchase, packaging, transportation, collection, fund-raising, etc. Sometimes I was busy until midnight on the transportation road. I was busy for a few days. The weather was unstoppable and the business volume expanded year by year. Adopt quality to win, small profits but quick turnover, good service, reasonable prices, compete with people, and compete for the market. Up to now, the annual dividends are almost the same as the pension. This is a deposit in the hands of the disease, and I am not worried.

In the past few years, I have also learned a lot of knowledge in the commercial sea. People have to live and learn. Now there is no way in society without money. If you do n’t have money, you will die. If you do n’t have money, you will be a beggar. There are many different opinions in the business world, but after all, our brothers can understand each other, and more importantly, we are not for profit-making purposes, we can earn as much as possible, and do n’t be greedy. This will balance your heart.

Appointment and award after retirement:

In 1996, the People’s Bank of China was appointed as the supervisor of integrity.

From 1998 to 2000, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China awarded the advanced representative of “Laoweiwei”.

In 2002, ICBC was hired as a social service quality duty supervisor.

This memoir is now over.

2000

Attachment 1. Resume

Time service (learning)

1942.9－1945.7

(8-10 years old) Banfang Primary School, Pinghu Central Primary School (grades 1-3)

1945.8-1947.

(11-12 years old) Chopping wood for sale at home, carrying the bow (porter)

1947.10－1952.4

Yuyuan Village Cattle Farming

1952.5－1956.7

Pinghu District (District 2) Youth League Secretary, District League Committee Village Secretary

1956.8－1958.9

Deputy Secretary of the Fourth District Party Committee (Hengyang District)

1958.9－1961.3

President of Ohashi Commune

1961.5－1962.8

Secretary of Party Branch of Gutian County State-owned Silk Factory

1962.8－1963.2

Head of Publicity Section, Gutian County Immigration Committee

1963.3－1964.9

Gutian County Committee Rural Work Team Leader in Hetang

1964.10－1968.12

Deputy President of Hetang Commune (64.10-66.12 Provincial Social Education Team Leader)

1969.1－1972.12

Decentralization of the cadres of the Shanyang Commune (66.5-76.10 is the ten years of the “Cultural Revolution”)

1973.1－1975.5

Cadre of Panyang Commune

1975.6－1977.10

Deputy Secretary of the CPC Panyang Commune, Deputy Director of the Revolutionary Committee (to preside over the work)

1977.11－1983.5

Deputy Secretary, Secretary of the Communist Party of China Communist Party, Deputy Director and Director of the Revolutionary Committee

1983.6－1986.5

President and Party Branch Secretary of Gutian Sub-branch, People’s Bank of China

1986.5－1994.3

President of the Gutian Sub-branch of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Secretary of the Party Branch

1994

retirement

1950.11-12

Nanping Special Administration School

1954.3-6

Study in Fujian Youth League School

October 11, 1979

Study at the Party School of Ningde Local Committee (Fuan City)

1981.4－6

Study at the Party School of Ningde Local Committee (Fuan City)

Attachment 2. Family Breeding Form

Attachment 3. Trip to Australia

At the invitation of my son Guangbin and grandson Su Chen, my couple and I visited our relatives and friends in Sydney from September 8 to December 30, 2006 and experienced 4 months of capitalist social life. This trip has grown a lot of insight for me, an old communist who was born in old China, grew up under the Red Banner and experienced a 43-year political career after retiring to build a new China. The 52-year-old party member retired There is a comparison between two different social systems to identify their pros and cons. It is really commendable.

We live in SUMMER HILL LIVERPOOL RD in the inner and western part of Sydney city center, only 15 minutes drive to the most prosperous areas such as George Street in the city center and Chinatown in Chinatown. Shanghai’s Ashfield Street is only a 15-minute walk.

This Asian has many faces, especially Shanghai and Guangdong. A three-minute walk to a large park. Come here every morning to exercise and meet many old overseas Chinese and foreigners. In Ashfield, Sanmenxiu has a train station more than ten minutes apart, and the transportation is convenient. We have visited many famous places, such as Sydney ’s Darling Harbour, Chinatown, Chinatown, Sydney Opera House, the Great Iron Bridge across the sea, Darling Harbour, Manly Beach, Royal Park, Botanical Garden, Grand Casino (club) sea yacht, Participated in the grandson Su Chen graduation ceremony. Tong Guangbin’s old man Li Li and his wife (Beijing people have served as UN employees) and 15 colleagues had dinner together. They visited Gu Tianren and his family, Lin Yancheng, You Yanxia and Steven, Jiang Qiquan, Lan Hongwei and Tianjin Cui Baokun One family, Fuzhou native Lin Dunzhi and many other old overseas Chinese, made a special trip to the capital Canberra, Brisbane, Queensland, the world’s famous tourist spot-the Gold Coast. Participated in the son’s one day’s labor and one day’s housing environment, flowers, and trees pruning soil. As a result, they have a wide range of contacts, many insights, and a profound experience.

Australia is surrounded by the sea on a large island in the South Pacific. It is a relatively developed capitalist country. She was independent of the British colony only 105 years ago. She is composed of six provinces, namely New Zealand (Sydney City), Victoria (Melbourne City), Queensland (Brisbane City), Ta Provincial Western Australia, Perth. The mainstay economy depends on agriculture (including forest fish), tourism, and mining (the second largest gold production in the world). There are no typhoons, floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, droughts, and forest fires throughout the year. People and nature are in harmony.

Sydney is the most prosperous and largest port city in Australia, with a population of more than 4 million, accounting for 1/5 of the national population. She built a city on the edge of the bay with her back to the mountains and the sea. As early as 1850, Chinese people came to develop gold mines and do business. Now it is called China Town Darling Harbour, which is a foothold for the old overseas Chinese. What a big prosperous location. The world-famous University of Sydney, University of Science and Technology, and the University of New South Wales are located in the country and are the schools’ many students in the world yearn for. The military port and business port are lined up, and the international and domestic airports are connected. It is a world-famous tourist resort and the first choice for immigrants from all over the world.

The capital, Canberra, is a new city with a population of less than 300,000, mostly government agencies and few residents. It is said that the city of Sydney and Melbourne adopted a compromise method to build the capital at the midpoint between the two cities. The name of Canberra was called by the local Tu people, saying that when officials went to the center of the two cities to build the capital The village was only seen at a later time, and the officials asked the Tu people, “What is this place called?” Answer: Canberra. ——The meaning of “Don’t know” in the Tu language, and it has become the capital from then on. Now the buildings on the whole street are built according to Sydney on the left and Melbourne on the right. Business is not prosperous, government officials commute to and from work by plane, and there are more than 320 kilometers of the No. 5 highway car from Sydney to the capital for three hours. I have seen a few villages, there are pastures for cattle, horses, and sheep. I did n’t see a paddy field farm, and there were few rivers and lakes, some were mountain streams, many forests, the mountains were not high, and the hills were at an altitude of 1-2 hundred meters. If it is not heavy traffic, you will feel lonely. The machine gun fired for half an hour, and absolutely no one could be shot.

Every September-October, there is a flower show, which is famous flowers from various countries. Among them, the United Kingdom, Japan, and the Netherlands are more. China only has orchids and daffodils. It was October 1st when I went, and it was also an Australian holiday-Labor Day. There were so many people visiting it. It was difficult to find a parking lot. Waiting for lunch for more than half an hour in long lines. When our group of five visited the Parliament Building, her construction area was not as good as that of the Beijing City Hall, but the decoration was beautiful. The balustrade ladder, handrails, and pillars were all decorated with white marble. At the two ends are the conference halls of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The audience can sit in the auditorium to listen to the performance of the members. We have been the audience for half an hour. The top floor has a view of the city. There is a large square and a pool at the door, and hundreds of parking lots can be parked in the basement. Then we went to the embassy area to visit the embassies of various countries. We took photos in front of the Chinese embassy. Due to the tight time, we left home at 6 pm and celebrated Guangbin ’s birthday at the Korean Hotel in Sydney ’s “Ximu Style” Street.

The Gold Coast is the world’s tourist destination. Our party arrived by plane from Sydney on October 15-17 in 1 hour and 10 minutes. Live in an American-run hotel-family-style suites, three rooms, two halls, two bathrooms, two balcony laundry rooms, etc., fully equipped with bags and live. There is a library, a small shopping mall, a swimming pool, a hot spring pool, a sauna and massage room, and a homemade Western food-Barbecue (Barbecue) stove. The beef is cut into thin slices and grilled on an iron plate, then put soy sauce and sandwiched in bread Eat-crispy and delicious. There is an underground parking lot, we shop and cook our own meals, and realize Chinese and Western meals. We rented six people and ran for three days in a Chinese car. The first place was called “Sea World”. The ticket was AUD 63 per person. All we saw were water games. Some people and animals-dolphins, sea lions, polar bear shows, surfing, etc. Children play a lot. The second place name is “Movie World”, which is a film shooting city run by the Hollywood boss in the United States. There are all kinds of new and old streets, shops, old boats, car tools, and actors are disguised as Batman characters in cartoons… They performed a large-scale policeman arresting the bad guys for the audience. The action was very realistic. They used helicopter bombing, cars chased, and burned, and people jumped from the fourth floor to escape and other thrilling actions. I saw the immersive three-dimensional The movie, when it rains, there is really rain on the audience’s head, and it will vibrate on the butt during the earthquake. Finally, there are actors, singers, and actors looking back and forth along the main street and taking pictures of the audience. The tickets are also AUD 63, but there is no garden in the park. ticket. The third place is “Surfing World”. In the downtown area, watching the sea, people, men, women, and children surfing. On the way back, we visited another casino, which was not as big as Sydney, but the business was booming, gamblers were mostly tourists from various countries, there were more women than men, more Asian faces than whites and blacks. It is said that as long as you carry money to eat, drink, watch gambling, and watch a show, there is someone to receive it. It is said that if you lose your gambling, you can send a toll back home. Gambling, prostitution, and drug use in Australia are legal. The government is only responsible for collecting taxes.

From a general perspective, I have an overview of Australia’s impressions of one big, two small, three, four, five, six, and good.

The so-called “One Big” has a large land area of ​​more than 7 million square kilometers, accounting for 80% of China’s area. As far as Sydney is concerned, it is 190 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide.

“Secondary”, first, the population is too small, only 20.5 million in June 2006, less than 2/3 of Fujian. There are fewer Tu people, only 160,000. Second, there are few rivers and lakes. The city of Sydney has only seen two rivers for domestic sewage, so she lacks water and is prone to drought.

“Three more”, multi-ethnic: there are people in all countries in the world, people call her the United Nations; multi-culture: all cultures are present; multi-faith: believe in everything, especially Kituism, Catholicism, Falun Gong They are also very active. They all have newspapers of their faith. The old overseas Chinese said that there are more than three more fat people, more flies (Lanshante more), more cockroaches.

The “four-way” (Bada) highway is like a spider web, criss-crossed, and arranged in an orderly manner. There are roads around the house, and there are feasible vehicles. There are no houses that are not open to traffic. Generally, the roads are parallel roads with two and three cars There are ten parallel roads in one direction at the bridge crossing the sea. The pavement is very good because the asphalt has no potholes and unevenness. The white line marks are clear and obvious. There is no police command to do everything by traffic lights. There are 1-5 highways in Sydney city leading to various places.

Railways, there are six electric trains from east to west in the city. Six trains can travel together, including long and short distances. Each train drags 6-8 cars. The seat can be used forward and backward. See, a train passes by in about 10 minutes. The fares are implemented in normal and peak hours, and commuting (8-9 am and 4-6 pm) is higher. The station is very close and stops every three or five minutes. Most of them are unmanned ticket gates, and the electronic ticket check out is also not allowed. The train bus has disabled access. On Saturdays and Sundays, most of the repairing tracks are used. At this time, buses are used to replace passengers to get off at the next station. The fare is the same as that of the place. There are public address reporting points. The facilities are very advanced and the noise is not big.

Ships, because the city is built by the seaside bays, there are many docks, boats, and boats full of sea. You can go anywhere from that pier to your destination. Sea transportation and sightseeing are also busy.

By plane, Sydney has many international flights and the airport is large. I first calculated that there are 2 daily flights to Shanghai, Guangzhou and Beijing, and 9 flights to Japan, South Korea, and Hong Kong. The domestic airport is connected to the international community into a large area, connecting provincial capitals and large cities, and tourist attractions have aircraft. It is said that helicopters and small aircraft are tools used by government officials and bosses to commute. There are aircraft patrols and reconnaissances at tourist spots, and every day on a good day, there are helicopters on the blue sky painted with white letters and symbols of English letters for people to watch. All transportation fares in Australia are not expensive. For example, it takes only one hour and 10 minutes to fly to the Gold Coast for $ 70.

Five good:

1. The climate is good, the annual average is 28 degrees, the wind is strong, and the air is fresh. The sky is blue. The ground is green. Especially after the rain, I feel very refreshing.

2. Good hygiene, no pollution noise, no spitting, no littering, no dust on the ground, on the ground, on the road, no need to wipe for a few months of leather shoes Garbage is placed in three types of recycling bins: black, yellow, and green, and someone cleans them every day. The flowers and grass in the front and the back of the house are yellow or someone piles up debris, and someone will notify you to clean or replant the flowers and plants.

3. Good civility and politeness, regardless of whether men or women meet you, foreigners will say hello “Hello” or “Morning” when walking and you let him, “Thank you”, Doing things consciously queue up without scrambling.

4. Good public facilities, public toilets are all sitting or toilets, and toilet paper is provided. The urinals are flushed with stainless steel urinals and the sanitation ball is not odorous. There is water and soap to clean the test-dry electric stove and paper towels after the toilet. The park has all kinds of tools suitable for the activities of the old, middle-aged, and young women, and there are dedicated people to manage the flowers, spray the water, loosen the soil and blow the dust to pick up the garbage. The bus station has rain-proof awning seats, and the doors have special passages for the disabled. Churches, synagogues, and dance halls are stocked with milk, coffee, juice, biscuits, and bread for you to eat and drink, and sometimes for lunch, all for free. Helicopters patrol the surf zone on the beach. Observation posts were surveyed to prevent flooding and intrusion of sandfish, freshwater washes along the shore, and people issued warnings when they exceeded the warning line. Telephone booths, all public chairs are neatly arranged, and no one will destroy them.

5. The social welfare is good. The government encourages the birth of a child. A subsidy of AU $ 4,000 per child is provided. Admission to nursery school kindergarten until high school is all compulsory education and subsidies. The fee is only paid for college, but it can be paid for 70,000 to 80,000 yuan for four years Interest-free. After graduation, an annual salary of less than 30,000 yuan is exempt from loans. Unemployment has unemployment benefits. The government helps the training to find a job. Senior citizens over 65 years of age can enjoy the pensions issued by the government every week, according to different objects of 150-300 yuan of living expenses, those with housing difficulties, the government can provide low-rent housing to live until after death. All visits are free of charge, no matter how many times you take medicine, only 4.7 yuan will be paid for the outpatient service. You will not pay for everything including ambulances and food for hospitalization. If you are cured, you will leave. You will also check eyes and ears regularly every year… Young people take more medicine. As long as you go out, the 2.5 yuan fare is valid for 24 hours, and you can take it except for planes. Disabled persons and some non-trivial persons are managed by specialized agencies. There are rescue stations in each market (area), and three meals a day are provided free of charge, so no beggars can be seen on the streets or residential areas. There are special psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes, and you can live for free as long as you want. It is really a paradise life to save everyone from worries and natural disasters.

Six Clothes, Food, Housing, Travel, and Learning

The clothes are more ordinary and do not wear any famous brands. Most men and women are ordinary clothes. They are clean and hygienic. Women are more permed, lipstick, rouge, necklaces, bracelets and earrings, more skirts, men wear shorts, and more sports boots. Very happy.

Food, foreigners do not eat rice or not, they eat what is called “Pizza” (Pizza), “Barbican”, bread, milk, meat, eggs, vegetables, juices, and other things, very hygienic, Ashfield has a Shanghai fresh meat shop The person was reported to have sprayed preservatives. After being investigated, he was closed and punished. So no one dared to sell fake and inferior harmful items, so rest assured to eat.

Live, the house is in the woods, flowers and trees, flowers and trees, flowers and trees in front of the house and the environment are beautiful. Most of the houses are on the first and second floors, and there are high-rise buildings in the center of Sydney. The interior is very good. In addition to the bedroom and kitchen, there is a living room, study room, toilet, bathroom, laundry room, bright light, electric TV and telephone broadband; all garages, some have swimming pools. The ground is mostly carpet or planks, and there are open spaces behind the house in front of the house with ironwood bricks as fences. Some people keep dogs and cats to see the house. Generally, the price of a house around 150 square meters is 300,000 to 350,000 yuan, and the average annual income of 50,000 yuan can buy a house in 6-7 years, but China does not have 15-20 years. Because the property is not very prosperous and the rent is not enough to pay interest, many people rent the house, but the rent is more expensive, which can be said to be satisfactory.

There are two cars on average per household. Bicycles and motorcycles are used for exercise. There are many parking lots but the holidays are tight. There is a special parking lot next to the big supermarket. From the underground to the fifth and sixth floors are parking lots. Some people go out on holiday and prefer to take a train or taxi for more than ten minutes without driving their cars because it is very troublesome to park.

The government attaches great importance to education. Those who do not deserve to study will be out of school. International students will mobilize you to immigrate. In addition to universities, there are TOEFL colleges and universities to train technical personnel. They value practical learning for practical use. Learn 520 hours of English (with evening school) Now there are lawyers, accountants, doctors, nurses, electricians, hairdressers, cooks, pancake chefs who are missing in the society. There are many 457 immigrants every year.

Le, working five days a week, 8 hours a day, in addition to statutory holidays throughout the year, there are also industry holidays, most people go to travel, listen to songs and dances, go to the restaurant, gambling money, and prostitutes do not commit drugs. It is the three major cancers in China. However, everyone can manage in the market with a certificate, and we all have no control in the underground, social security is good, there is no fighting, there are few thieves, and there is little fun to play and live a happy life.

The capitalist society can be so developed, the most fundamental thing is the management system with three powers in the country, policymakers, protesters, and lawmakers (Editor’s note: here should be legislators, executives, and judiciaries). Being caught by the opposition party, you will not be in power. I handed over a family name of Mr. Zhao and his wife, Mr. Chu, who was the wife of the Audit Office of Henan Province, to visit relatives. He told the story of his son studying abroad and working… The boy refused to accept the complaint. As soon as the court summoned, the boss was afraid to voluntarily pay 2,000 yuan to compensate him for the complaint. In his society, reputation, integrity, and law are the first. Once a contract is broken, it will not survive for a lifetime. However, for how many years our prime minister helped migrant workers to negotiate wages, it is still impossible to stop them. Even cadres ’wages can be arbitrarily owed, and they are paid every Friday afternoon. No one dares to evade tax evasion, law-abiding is the first, and it is shameful to do something illegal. When can we achieve it?